Aerospace Meteorology: An Overview of Some Key Environmental Elements

Vaughan, William W.; Johnson, Dale L.

doi:10.5028/jatm.v5i1.188

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Johnson (2008), Pearson et al (1996), Smith and Adelfang (1998), Smith et al (1982), Vaughan and Brown (1983), Von Braun (1967) and Potter (1984) document various terrestrial environment (0 to 49 nmi (0 to 90 km) altitude) guidelines for engineering to use (with the proper interpretation) when starting a new project such as a launch or space vehicle. In particular, Johnson (2008) compiled a great amount of general guideline criteria for the terrestrial environment that have been used in many NASA and other organization's aerospace vehicle programs (Vaughan and Johnson 2013;2014). Similarly, Anderson and Smith (1994) document design guidelines for the general space environment (>49 nmi (>90 km) altitude).…”

Section: Data Sources and Considerations For Developing Natural Envirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach also verifies the LV's structural and control system design. The current acceptable practice uses a selection of detailed in-flight wind profiles (resolution to about one cycle per 656 ft (200 m)) obtained by the FPS-16 Radar and Jimsphere balloon measurement technique for the launch site (Vaughan and Johnson 2013). Using anything short of this suggested approach would correspond to the use of some other preliminary design approximation of the NE.…”

Section: Natural Environment Wind and Atmospheric Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Terrestrial and Space Environments in Launch Vehicle Development

Johnson

Vaughan

2019

J.Aerosp. Technol. Manag.

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Natural (Terrestrial & Space) Environment (NE) phenomena play a significant role in the design and flight of aerospace vehicles and in the integrity of the associated aerospace systems and structures. Natural environmental design criteria guidelines described here are based on measurements and modeling of atmospheric and climatic phenomena relative to various aerospace vehicle development and mission/operational procedures, and for vehicle launch locations. Both the terrestrial environment (0-90 km altitude) and the space environment (Earth orbital altitudes) parameters and their engineering application philosophy are given with emphasis on launch vehicle-affected terrestrial environment elements. This paper also addresses the basis for the NE guidelines presented, the interpretation of the guidelines, and application to the development of launch or space vehicle design requirements. This paper represents the first of three on this subject.

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Section: Data Sources and Considerations For Developing Natural Envirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Natural Environment Wind and Atmospheric Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Terrestrial and Space Environments in Launch Vehicle Development

Johnson

Vaughan

2019

J.Aerosp. Technol. Manag.

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“…From the aerospace meteorology perspective (Vaughan and Johnson, 2013), knowledge about the rainy season features for the CLA region is particularly important and useful for the planning of rocket launching missions, since absence of rainfall ("no-rain" condition) is usually necessary for rocket-related activities in CLA (Marques and Fisch, 2005). Preliminary information about the rainy season climatology for the CLA region can be derived from the literature: the onset would take place from December to January; the demise, from May to June; and the length would be within the range of five to seven months (Marengo et al, 2001;Liebmann et al, 2007;Silva et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainy Season Features for the Alcântara Launch Center

Pinheiro

Oyama

2013

J.Aerosp. Technol. Manag.

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The rainy season features for the Alcântara Launch Center region (2°S-3°S; 44°W-45°W), located at the northern coast of Brazil, were obtained by using the Climate Prediction Center/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration daily precipitation data from 1979 to 2012 accumulated to pentads. The rainy season onset (demise) was defined as the first pentad when precipitation is greater (lower) than the climatological annual average, and this behavior lasts for three out of the four following pentads. The average rainy season features were: 28 January as onset day; 16 June as demise day; 140 days as length; 1527 mm as total precipitation (about 80% of the annual value); and 10.9 mm day -1 as intensity (rain rate). The uncertainty on these climatological values due to the use of different precipitation datasets was estimated as few days for the onset/demise days and length, 100 mm for the total precipitation and about 1 mm day -1 for the intensity. Except for intensity, the rainy season features showed large interannual variability: standard variation of about one month for onset/demise days, and coefficient of variation of 33 and 40% for length and total precipitation, respectively. The three-week period between 24 March and 13 April belonged to the rainy season of all years. In general, longer (shorter) duration was related to early (late) onset, late (early) demise, and higher (lower) total precipitation. Within the rainy season, on an average, precipitation was lower than 0.1 mm day -1 in only four to five days; therefore, the occurrence of "no-rain" days was rather uncommon.

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Decisão em Condições de Incerteza Meteorológica e Proteção de Infraestruturas no Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara

Caruzzo

Belderrain

Fisch

et al. 2017

Rev. bras. meteorol.

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A tomada de decisão utilizando informações meteorológicas muitas vezes é um processo complexo, de alto impacto e, em algumas situações, pode comprometer o funcionamento de instalações tecnológicas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma abordagem de apoio à decisão em condições de incerteza meteorológica para a proteção das infraestruturas no Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara. A partir de uma demanda operacional, foi desenvolvido um índice meteorológico de modo a identificar a atitude dos decisores em relação às três características da informação meteorológica: a) probabilidade da previsão de tempo; b) prazo de validade; c) valor da variável atmosférica. Como estudo de caso, foi analisado um problema real de decisão para proteção das instalações do principal centro espacial brasileiro. Através da interação com os usuários na construção do índice, foi possível concluir que para probabilidades baixas (< 20%) ou para prazos de validade estendidos (> 24 h), o grupo de usuários entrevistados não utiliza a informação meteorológica para tomar decisões, mesmo com o prognóstico de condições extremas. Os resultados quantitativos demonstraram que o modelo de apoio à decisão proposto conseguiu incorporar a atitude do usuário não-meteorologista em relação à incerteza da informação meteorológica. Palavras-chave: índice de decisão meteorológico, risco meteorológico, análise multicritério, centro de lançamento de foguetes, proteção de infraestrutura crítica. Decision Under Weather Uncertainty and Infrastructure Protection for Alcantara Launch CenterAbstract Decision-making using weather information is often a complex and high impact process, and in some situations, can disturb the functioning of technological facilities. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to present a decision support approach for infrastructure protection under weather uncertainty at the Alcântara Launch Center, in Brazil. From an operational demand, a weather index was developed to identify the decision maker's attitude about the three characteristics of meteorological information: a) weather forecast probability; b) lead time of the information; c) value of a meteorological variable. As a case study, we analyzed a real decision-making problem for the protection of an aerospace vehicle and integration tower in the Brazilian space center. Through the development of an index with the users, it was concluded that for low probabilities (< 20%) or extended lead time (> 24 h), the group of users do not use weather information to make decisions, even with a prognosis of extreme conditions. The quantitative results showed that the decision model managed to incorporate the attitude of non-meteorologist users regarding the handling of uncertainty in weather forecasts.

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Aerospace Meteorology: An Overview of Some Key Environmental Elements

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

The Role of Terrestrial and Space Environments in Launch Vehicle Development

The Role of Terrestrial and Space Environments in Launch Vehicle Development

Rainy Season Features for the Alcântara Launch Center

Decisão em Condições de Incerteza Meteorológica e Proteção de Infraestruturas no Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara

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