Neste artigo foi realizada uma climatologia dos Distúrbios Ondulatórios de Leste (DOLs) que passaram pela região de Alcântara-MA, no período de 1988 a 1997, utilizando-se de um método baseado na mudança do sinal da componente meridional do vento (V). Este método foi aplicado para 3 camadas distintas (entre 850 a 700 hPa, entre 700 e 500 hPa e entre 850 a 500 hPa), objetivando identificar a camada que melhor indicasse a ocorrência dos DOLs. Após a identificação dos eventos de DOLs, estes foram confirmados por um conjunto de dados independentes de cobertura de nuvens (dados ISCCP e imagens infravermelho de satélites GOES-E) e pelos espectros de potência da componente meridional do vento usando as re-análises do ECMWF. Ocorreram eventos de DOLs durante todo o ano com duração de tempo variando de 3 a 6 dias. Esse método mostrou-se adequado para caracterizar os eventos de DOLs e que, durante a época chuvosa, as 3 camadas identificam a passagem do sistema atmosférico. No caso do período seco (jul-dez), as camadas com espessura maior (camadas entre 700 e 500 hPa e entre 850-500 hPa) conseguiram identificar os eventos, mas não a camada mais baixa (entre 850-500 hPa).
Abstract. Observations of the boundary layer (BL) processes are analyzed statistically for dry seasons of 2 years and in detail, as case studies, for 4 shallow convective days (ShCu) and 4 shallow-to-deep convective days (ShDeep) using a suite of ground-based measurements from the Observation and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon 2014/5) Experiment. The BL stages in ShDeep days, from the nighttime to the cloudy mixing layer stage, are then described in comparison with ShCu days. Atmospheric thermodynamics and dynamics, environmental profiles, and surface turbulent fluxes were employed to compare these two distinct situations for each stage of the BL evolution. Particular attention is given to the morning transition stage, in which the BL changes from stable to unstable conditions in the early morning hours. Results show that the decrease in time duration of the morning transition on ShDeep days is associated with high humidity and well-established vertical wind shear patterns. Higher humidity since nighttime not only contributes to lowering the cloud base during the rapid growth of the BL but also contributes to the balance between radiative cooling and turbulent mixing during nighttime, resulting in higher sensible heat flux in the early morning. The sensible heat flux promotes rapid growth of the well-mixed layer, thus favoring the deeper BL starting from around 08:00 LST (UTC−4 h). Under these conditions, the time duration of morning transition is used to promote convection, having an important effect on the convective BL strength and leading to the formation of shallow cumulus clouds and their subsequent evolution into deep convective clouds. Statistical analysis was used to validate the conceptual model obtained from the case studies. Despite the case-to-case variability, the statistical analyses of the processes in the BL show that the described processes are very representative of cloud evolution during the dry season.
Neste trabalho analisam-se as características espectrais da turbulência atmosférica na região do Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara (CLA), que sofre a influência de uma falésia e da brisa marítima provinda do oceano, visando obter informações sobre a estrutura turbulenta do local. Determinaram-se os espectros das 3 componentes do vento (u, v e w) na camada limite superficial sobre esse terreno homogêneo, visando aplicações no Projeto e Desenvolvimento dos foguetes de sondagem e do Veículo Lançador de Satélite (VLS) realizado pelo IAE. Os dados foram coletados no mês de agosto do ano de 1999 através de um anemômetro sônico tridimensional. Também se obteve resultados envolvendo as relações σu/u*, σv/u* e σw/u*, todos condizentes com os previstos na literatura.
An atmospheric Internal Boundary Layer (IBL) occurs when sudden changes in surface roughness disturb wind flows. The region of the Brazilian Alcantara Space Center (ASC), with its rocket launching pad located 150 m downwind of a 40 m coastal cliff, presents the formation of an IBL due to winds blowing inland from the ocean. Numerical simulations using the immersed boundary method, experiments in a wind tunnel using particle image velocimetry, and field observational data obtained from anemometric towers were used to study this IBL. The results demonstrated that it is dependent on the geometry of the coastal cliff: its height is around 17 and 15 m for slopes of the coastal cliff of 90º and 135º, respectively. The numerical results show a good agreement with the experimental data and the field observations, but with an overestimation of the vorticity field. The IBL significantly influences the wind flow at the launching pad.
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