Aerosols emitted by the combustion of polymers containing nanoparticles

Charles, Matthew; Chivas-Joly, Carine; Guillaume, Éric; Ducourtieux, S.; Saragoza, Laurent; Lesenechal, D.; Macé, Tatiana; Lopez‐Cuesta, José‐Marie; Longuet, Claire

doi:10.1007/s11051-011-0687-2

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The main results prove the high level of small particles (<0.5 mm) with additives. This is compliant with our previous work with APP [34]. The role of the presence of nanoobjects used as fillers, reinforcements or FR systems components has been taken into account on toxicity, smoke and particle emissions only recently.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Recently, Motzkus et al [34] described the fire behaviour and investigated the solid and aerosol effluents of thermoplastic polymers (PMMA, PA-6), filled with nanoparticles (CNTs, nano-silica, nano-alumina) used to improve their flame retardancy. In this study, an experimental setup was developed to measure the mass distribution in the [30 nm-10 mm] range and the concentration of particles in the aerosol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the composition of PMMA nanocomposites on gaseous effluents emitted during combustion

Chivas-Joly

Longuet

Charles

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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a b s t r a c tThis paper focuses on the nature of thermal degradation products formed by combustion of various PMMA nanocomposites and on the kinetics of emission of gases emitted during combustion. Compositions of two kinds of nanosilica and nanoalumina and their combinations with Ammonium PolyPhosphate (APP) in PMMA were prepared. Their thermal degradation was carried out using TGA coupled with FTIR and cone calorimeter. For the compositions of nanooxides, it appears that the kinetics of emission of gases is significantly influenced by the nature of oxide and by the surface treatment, but mainly for silica. Octylsilane modified silica combined with APP leads to an outstanding fire behaviour, due to the formation of a very cohesive and expanded layer containing silicon pyrophosphate, but at the expense of a higher CO emission and a measurable emission of HCN. Even if the presence of fire retardant (APP) and the incorporation of nanosilica with a surface treatment reduce the flammability, the high value of the CO yield could lead to the conclusion that the combination could improve toxicity. But, the nanocomposite based on silica surface treatment coupled with APP, induce a delay of the CO yield emission, which could allow people to evacuate buildings or houses in case of fire.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the composition of PMMA nanocomposites on gaseous effluents emitted during combustion

Chivas-Joly

Longuet

Charles

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…The examples of nanoparticle combustion sources are transportation (Buseck and Adachi, 2008;Lim et al, 2008;Lim et al, 2009;Yin et al, 2012), indoor fumes, smoking (Hofmann et al, 2009;Van Dijk et al, 2011), cooking (Wallace et al, 2004;Torkmahalleh et al, 2012), heating (Jung et al, 2006), biomass, burning (Weimer et al, 2009), etc. Nanoparticles are produced from other sources as well such as from polymers (Tsai et al, 2008;Motzkus et al, 2012), cleaning, laser printers , photocopiers, agriculture (Buseck and Adachi, 2008), and welding. Nanoparticles are also generated from the applications of nanotechnology, in which their small size is essential, such as drug delivery, injections, inhalable medicines, and tracers (Allen and Cullis, 2004;Jawahar and Reddy, 2012;Tiwari et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Airborne Nanoparticle Filtration and Thermal Rebound Theory

Givehchi

Tan

2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This paper provides an overview of recent studies on the filtration of airborne nanoparticles. Classical filtration theory assumes that the efficiency of nanoparticle adhesion is at unity when nanoparticles strike a filter with a Brownian motion. However, it has been pointed out that small nanoparticles may have a sufficiently high impact velocity to rebound from the surface upon collision, a mechanism called thermal rebound. According to thermal rebound theory, the adhesion efficiency of nanoparticles decreases if their size is reduced. However, this phenomenon has not yet been clearly observed in experimental studies; there are still a number of uncertainties associated with the concept of thermal rebound, which is yet to be either proven or disproven. This review paper discusses the findings in the current literature related to thermal rebound theory.

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“…Different MWCNT flame-retardant production processes are expected to result in differences in release rates and release forms from the textile matrix. These parameters, in turn, will affect the magnitude of exposure during consumer use and the form of the material to which consumers are exposed (Motzkus et al, 2012). For example, regular use of upholstered furniture could abrade the textile surface and release small amounts of free or matrix-bound MWCNTs into the air.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sparking Connections: Toward Better Linkages Between Research and Human Health Policy—An Example with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Powers

Gift

Lehmann

2014

Toxicological Sciences

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Risk assessment and subsequent risk management of environmental contaminants can benefit from early collaboration among researchers, risk assessors, and risk managers. The benefits of collaboration in research planning are particularly evident in light of (1) increasing calls to expand upon the risk assessment paradigm to include a greater focus on problem formulation and consideration of potential tradeoffs between risk management options, and (2) decreasing research budgets. Strategically connecting research planning to future decision making may be most critical in areas of emerging science for which data are often insufficient to clearly direct targeted research to support future risk assessment and management efforts. This article illustrates an application of the comprehensive environmental assessment approach to inform research planning for future risk assessment and management of one emerging material, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). High-priority research areas identified for MWCNTs in flame-retardant coatings applied to upholstery textiles included the following: release across the product life cycle; environmental transport, transformation and fate in air, wastewater and sediment; exposure in human occupational and consumer groups; kinetics in the human body; impacts on human health and aquatic populations; and impacts on economic, social, and environmental resources. This article focuses on specific research questions related to human health and how these may connect to future risk assessments and risk management efforts. Such connections will support more effective collaborations across the scientific community and may inform the prioritization of research funding opportunities for emerging materials like MWCNTs.

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Aerosols emitted by the combustion of polymers containing nanoparticles

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Influence of the composition of PMMA nanocomposites on gaseous effluents emitted during combustion

Influence of the composition of PMMA nanocomposites on gaseous effluents emitted during combustion

An Overview of Airborne Nanoparticle Filtration and Thermal Rebound Theory

Sparking Connections: Toward Better Linkages Between Research and Human Health Policy—An Example with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

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