Aerosol trends over China, 1980–2000

Streets, David G.; Yu, Carolyne; Wu, Ye; Chin, Mian; Zhao, Zongci; Hayasaka, Tadahiro; Shi, Guangyu

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.10.016

Cited by 162 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…National pollution control efforts may have helped to offset anthropogenic air pollution induced during the urbanization process since the 1990s, thereby reducing the urban effect in sunshine duration records. In line with this result, the trend in aerosol optical depth (AOD) simulated by the GOCART global chemical transport model decreased between the mid-1990s and 2000s in China (Streets et al, 2008), as did black carbon emissions (Folini and Wild, 2015). A consistent decline in PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations was noted in the 2000s (Lei et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2012aWang et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Evidence Of Urbanization Effects On Sunshine Variations In Csupporting

confidence: 60%

Urbanization effect on trends in sunshine duration in China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. There is an ongoing debate on whether the observed decadal variations in surface solar radiation, known as "dimming" and "brightening" periods, are a large-scale or solely local phenomenon. We investigated this issue using long-term sunshine duration records from China, which experienced a rapid increase in urbanization during the past decades. Over the period 1960-2013, 172 pairs of urban and nearby rural stations were analyzed. Urban and rural sunshine duration trends show similar spatial patterns during a dimming phase and a subsequent period during which trends were leveling off . This indicates that rather than local effects, the trends in sunshine duration are on more of a national or regional scale in China. Nevertheless, in the dimming phase, the declining rate of sunshine duration in rural areas is around two-thirds of that in urban areas. The ratio of rural to urban dimming generally increases from a minimum of 0.39 to a maximum of 0.87 with increasing indices of urbanization calculated based on the year 2013. It reaches a maximum when the urbanization level exceeds 50 %, the urban population exceeds 20 million, or the population density becomes higher than 250 person km −2 . After the transition into the leveling-off period, sunshine duration trends are no longer significantly affected by urbanization. Meanwhile, the number of laws and regulations related to air pollution and investment in pollution treatment have been increasing in China.

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Section: Evidence Of Urbanization Effects On Sunshine Variations In Csupporting

confidence: 60%

Urbanization effect on trends in sunshine duration in China

et al. 2017

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“…Their results showed that high aerosol concentrations could lead to a lower NW and higher Dm compared with low aerosol concentration conditions. In eastern China, especially in the Yangtze River Delta region, aerosol or CCN concentrations are markedly high (Streets et al 2008;Liu et al 2011). With increased aerosol loading, warm-rain processes in convective clouds, such as collision-coalescence and break-up of raindrops can be suppressed, resulting in smaller raindrop concentrations.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution in the Meiyu Season Observed in Eastern China

Chen

Yang

2013

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

147

191

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Characteristics of raindrop size distribution (DSD) during the Meiyu season are studied using ground-based disdrometer measurements carried out in eastern China (Nanjing) from 2009 to 2011. The observational spectra are divided into convective and stratiform types. The results show that the histograms of the logarithm of the generalized intercept parameter (log10NW) and mass-weighted mean diameter of raindrops (Dm) are negatively and positively skewed, respectively, for both convective and stratiform rain. The absolute value of the skewness coefficient is higher for convective rain than for stratiform rain, in particular for the log10NW distribution. The mean log10NW and Dm values are 3.80 and 1.71 mm for convective rain and 3.45 and 1.30 mm for stratiform rain, respectively. The shape (μ)̶slope (Λ) relationship of the gamma distribution and the radar reflectivity (Z)̶rain rate (R) relationship are also derived for convective rain. The Z̶R relationship is found to be Z = 368R 1.21 . The interpretation of the statistical parameters obtained in this study and possible mechanisms that yield difference and similarity in comparison with those in previous studies are discussed.

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“…Several studies have suggested that the increasing emissions of anthropogenic aerosols have resulted in less solar radiation reaching the ground (Che et al 2005;Qian et al 2006Qian et al , 2007Shi et al 2008;Wild 2009a). Moreover, researchers have suggested that changes in fuel utilization (Streets et al 2008) and, thus, in anthropogenic aerosol composition and associated single-scattering albedo (Qian et al 2007) may be responsible for the observed transition in SSR (Wild 2009a). Global interests have been paid to the transition in China, particularly the leveling off period when the USA, Europe, and Japan have reported brightening trends, whereas China has experienced neither apparent brightening nor dimming (Wild 2012;Allen et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of land use/land cover change on changes in surface solar radiation in eastern China since the reform and opening up

Qian

2014

Theor Appl Climatol

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Observational evidence of the impacts of land use/land cover change (LULCC) on changes in surface solar radiation (SSR) in eastern China (EC) during 1979-2008 are identified by using diurnal temperature range as a proxy of SSR and by using observation minus reanalysis approach to disentangle these effects. For the period 1979-2008, the impact of LULCC is shown as a reduction in SSR in most stations in EC, whereas SSR in the reanalysis data has increased at nearly every location. The competition of the dimming effect of LULCC with the brightening effect in the reanalysis results in an observed dipole pattern of SSR with slightly decreasing (increasing) trends in most stations north (south) of the Yangtze River and statistically significant decreasing trends in central EC. In terms of EC area mean, this competition has resulted in a slightly dimming trend in the observed SSR during 1979-2008, although a transition from an apparent dimming to a general leveling off near 1990 is identified. For the period 1990-2008, LULCC has significantly reduced SSR in central EC and southern China. This dimming effect of LULCC competes with the apparent brightening effect in the reanalysis to result in the general leveling off in the observed SSR in terms of EC area mean and a sandwich spatial pattern in the observed SSR in EC where parts of central EC show significant dimming. The impact of LULCC on the changes in SSR may be through both biogeophysical and biogeochemical processes.

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Aerosol trends over China, 1980–2000

Cited by 162 publications

References 39 publications

Urbanization effect on trends in sunshine duration in China

Urbanization effect on trends in sunshine duration in China

Statistical Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution in the Meiyu Season Observed in Eastern China

Impact of land use/land cover change on changes in surface solar radiation in eastern China since the reform and opening up

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