Urbanization effect on trends in sunshine duration in China

Wang, Yawen; Wild, Martin; Sánchez-Lorenzo, Arturo; Manara, Veronica

doi:10.5194/angeo-35-839-2017

Cited by 20 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…As seen from Figure 7d, surface-observed TCC keeps increasing during 1993-2015 with an even stronger increase in the latter period, which could not explain the increase in SSR. An increasing trend in TCC since the 1990s is also evidenced over China by Xia [68], Liu et al [69], and Wang et al [5]. Changes in satellite-derived CLARA-A2 SSR are generally in good agreement with the trends of CFC used in CLARA-A2 (Figure 7b,e), suggesting a good representation of cloud effects in the satellite-retrieved SSR, as expected from the satellite-retrievals.…”

Section: A Case Study Of Beijingsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Hence, its impacts can reach far beyond the territory of China and affect global climate and living organisms [3,4]. Almost no regulations were imposed on air pollution in China before the 1980s [5]. The first official document aiming at improving ambient air quality in China was the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, originally formulated in 1982 [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement of Air Pollution in China Inferred from Changes between Satellite-Based and Measured Surface Solar Radiation

et al. 2019

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The air pollution crisis in China has become a global concern due to its profound effects on the global environment and human health. To significantly improve the air quality, mandatory reductions were imposed on pollution emissions and energy consumption within the framework of the 11th and 12th Five Year Plans of China. This study takes the first step to quantify the implications of recent pollution control efforts for surface solar radiation (SSR), the primary energy source for our planet. The observed bias between satellite-retrieved and surface-observed SSR time series is proposed as a useful indicator for the radiative effects of aerosol changes. This is due to the fact that the effects of temporal variations of aerosols are neglected in satellite retrievals but well captured in surface observations of SSR. The implemented pollution control measures and actions have successfully brought back SSR by an average magnitude of 3.5 W m−2 decade−1 for the whole of China from 2008 onwards. Regionally, effective pollution regulations are indicated in the East Coast regions of South and North China, including the capital Beijing, with the SSR brightening induced by aerosol reduction of 7.5 W m−2 decade−1, 5.2 W m−2 decade−1, and 5.9 W m−2 decade−1, respectively. Seasonally, the SSR recovery in China mainly occurs in the warm seasons of spring and summer, with the magnitudes induced by the aerosol radiative effects of 5.9 W m−2 decade−1 and 4.7 W m−2 decade−1, respectively.

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Section: A Case Study Of Beijingsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Air Pollution in China Inferred from Changes between Satellite-Based and Measured Surface Solar Radiation

et al. 2019

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“…In other studies, it is argued that the decrease may be related to the increase in cloud cover. In addition, several studies have reported a correlation between a decrease in sunshine duration and urbanization [84]. Recently, Wei Pan [85] reported that the number of haze days significantly increased in North China (including in the HRB).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteorological Factors Affecting Pan Evaporation in the Haihe River Basin, China

Yan

Wang

et al. 2019

Water

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Pan evaporation (Epan) is an important indicator of regional evaporation intensity and degree of drought. However, although more evaporation is expected under rising temperatures, the reverse trend has been observed in many parts of the world, known as the “pan evaporation paradox”. In this paper, the Haihe River Basin (HRB) is divided into six sub-regions using the Canopy and k-means (The process for partitioning an N-dimensional population into k sets on the basis of a sample is called “k-means”) to cluster 44 meteorological stations in the area. The interannual and seasonal trends and the significance of eight meteorological indicators, including average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, sunshine duration, wind speed, and Epan, were analyzed for 1961 to 2010 using the trend-free pre-whitening Mann-Kendall (TFPW-MK) test. Then, the correlation between meteorological elements and Epan was analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results show that the average temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature of the HRB increased, while precipitation, relative humidity, sunshine duration, wind speed and Epan exhibited a downward trend. The minimum temperature rose 2 and 1.5 times faster than the maximum temperature and average temperature, respectively. A significant reduction in sunshine duration was found to be the primary factor in the Epan decrease, while declining wind speed was the secondary factor.

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“…For the whole of China covering over 9.6 million km 2 , there are only 130 solar radiation stations, only 59 of them with records covering more than 75% of the measurement period from 1957 to the present. In addition, around three quarters of the stations are located in urban areas, indicating a non-negligible urbanization effect on the derived trends in China [13]. To compensate for the limited spatial representation of ground observations, one effective alternative has been offered by satellite products due to their unique geographical coverage and high spatial resolution [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of CM SAF CLARA-A2 and SARAH-E Surface Solar Radiation Datasets over China

Wang¹,

Trentmann

Yuan³

et al. 2018

Remote Sensing

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To achieve high-quality surface solar radiation (SSR) data for climate monitoring and analysis, the two satellite-derived monthly SSR datasets of CM SAF CLARA-A2 and SARAH-E have been validated against a homogenized ground-based dataset covering 59 stations across China for 1993–2015 and 1999–2015, respectively. The satellite products overestimate surface solar irradiance by 10.0 W m−2 in CLARA-A2 and 7.5 W m−2 in SARAH-E on average. A strong urbanization effect has been noted behind the large positive bias in China. The bias decreased after 2004, possibly linked to a weakened attenuating effect of aerosols on radiation in China. Both satellite datasets can reproduce the monthly anomalies of SSR, indicated by a significant correlation around 0.8. Due to the neglection of temporal aerosol variability in the satellite algorithms, the discrepancy between the satellite-estimated and ground-observed SSR trends slightly increases in 1999–2015 as compared to 1993–2015. The seasonal performance of the satellite products shows a better accuracy during warm than cold seasons. With respect to the spatial performance, the effects from anthropogenic aerosols, dust aerosols and high elevation and snow-covered surfaces should be well considered in the satellite SSR retrievals to further improve the performance in the eastern, northwestern and southwestern parts of China, respectively.

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Urbanization effect on trends in sunshine duration in China

Cited by 20 publications

References 54 publications

Improvement of Air Pollution in China Inferred from Changes between Satellite-Based and Measured Surface Solar Radiation

Improvement of Air Pollution in China Inferred from Changes between Satellite-Based and Measured Surface Solar Radiation

Meteorological Factors Affecting Pan Evaporation in the Haihe River Basin, China

Validation of CM SAF CLARA-A2 and SARAH-E Surface Solar Radiation Datasets over China

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