Aerosol particles during the Innsbruck Air Quality Study (INNAQS): Fluxes of nucleation to accumulation mode particles in relation to selective urban tracers

Deventer, M. J.; Heyden, Lisa von der; Lamprecht, Christian; Graus, M.; Karl, T.; Held, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.04.043

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…During the LCD period, the NOx emission was reduced by approximately 50% in China, as retrieved by the satellite (Zhang et al, 2021) and ground-based measurements (Huang et al, 2020). The number concentration of Aitken mode particles (~25-100 nm) should also decreased as expected, which related with the traffic emission (Deventer et al, 2018). The significant 35 decrease in aerosol and precursor emissions during LCD is associated with reduced human and economic activities.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Enhancement of nanoparticle formation and growth during the COVID-19 lockdown period in urban Beijing

Shen¹,

Sun²,

Yu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Influenced by the spread of the global 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, primary emissions of particles and precursors associated with anthropogenic activities decreased significantly in China during the Chinese New Year of 2020 and the lockdown period (January 24–February 16, 2020), as indicated by approximately 50 % reduction of NOx emission nation-wide based on the open literature. Two-month measurements of the number size distribution of neutral particles and charged ions showed that during the lockdown (LCD) period, the number concentration of particles smaller than 100 nm decreased by approximately 40 % compared to the pre-LCD period in January. However, the accumulation mode particles increased by approximately 20 % as several polluted episodes contributed to secondary aerosol formation. In this study, new particle formation (NPF) events were found to be enhanced in the nucleation and growth processes during the LCD period, as indicated by higher formation (J2) and growth rate (GR), even as NPF occurrence frequency slightly decreased. The condensing vapors controlling the nucleation and growth process, sulfuric acid, and oxidation product of volatile organic compounds were estimated based on available information. The proxy values showed that sulfuric acid and organic oxidized vapors increased during the LCD period by approximately 35 % and 133 % on NPF days, respectively. Higher J2 and GR during the LCD period were favored by the increased concentration level of condensing vapors and decreased condensation sink. Several heavy haze episodes have been reported by other studies during the LCD period; however, the increase in nanoparticle number concentration should also be considered. Some typical NPF events produced a high number concentration of nanoparticles that intensified in the following days to create severe aerosol pollution. Our study confirms a significant enhancement of the nucleation and growth process of nanoparticles during the COVID-19 LCD in Beijing and highlights the necessity of controlling nanoparticles in current and future air quality management.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Enhancement of nanoparticle formation and growth during the COVID-19 lockdown period in urban Beijing

Shen¹,

Sun²,

Yu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In order to reveal the meteorological condition during the pollution case formation, the 48 h backward trajectories arriving at CAMS site were calculated at 12:00 LT during 4-14 February for the case study, terminating at the height of 500 m above ground level by applying the Trajstat Software, combined with the HYSPLIT 4 model (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) and using the NCEP GDAS (Global Data Assimilation System) data with 1 • × 1 • resolution (Draxler and Hess, 1998;Wang et al, 2009).…”

Section: Back Trajectory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the LCD period, the NO x emission was reduced by approximately 50 % in China, as retrieved by the satellite (Zhang et al, 2021) and ground-based measurements (Huang et al, 2021). The number concentration of Aitken mode particles (∼ 25-100 nm), which is related to the traffic emissions (Deventer et al, 2018), is also expected to decrease. The significant decrease in aerosol and precursor emissions during LCD is associated X.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of nanoparticle formation and growth during the COVID-19 lockdown period in urban Beijing

Shen

Sun

et al. 2021

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Influenced by the spread of the global 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, primary emissions of particles and precursors associated with anthropogenic activities decreased significantly in China during the Chinese New Year of 2020 and the lockdown period (24 January–16 February 2020). The 2-month measurements of the number size distribution of neutral particles and charged ions showed that during the lockdown (LCD) period, the number concentration of particles smaller than 100 nm decreased by approximately 40 % compared to the pre-LCD period in January. However, the accumulation mode particles increased by approximately 20 % as several polluted episodes contributed to secondary aerosol formation. In this study, new particle formation (NPF) events were found to be enhanced in the nucleation and growth processes during the LCD period, as indicated by the higher formation rate of 2 nm particles (J2) and the subsequent growth rate (GR). The relevant precursors, e.g., SO2 and NO2, showed a clear reduction, and O3 increased by 80 % during LCD period, as compared with pre-LCD. The volatile organic vapors showed different trends due to their sources. The proxy sulfuric acid during the LCD period increased by approximately 26 %, as compared with pre-LCD. The major oxidants (O3, OH, and NO3) of VOCs were also found to be elevated during LCD. That indicated higher J2 and GR (especially below 5 nm) during the LCD period were favored by the increased concentration level of condensing vapors and decreased condensation sink. Several heavy haze episodes have been reported by other studies during the LCD period; however, the increase in nanoparticle number concentration should also be considered. Some typical NPF events produced a high number concentration of nanoparticles that intensified in the following days to create severe aerosol pollution under unfavorable meteorological conditions. Our study confirms a significant enhancement of the nucleation and growth process of nanoparticles during the COVID-19 LCD in Beijing and highlights the necessity of controlling nanoparticles in current and future air quality management.

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“…Moreover, the Webb-Pearman-Leuning (WPL) correction have been applied to the particle turbulent fluxes measurements (with a Bowen ratio of 0.5), due to the effect of air density fluctuations corresponding to an average correction of about 5% [80]. The exchange velocity V e was deduced by normalizing the particles fluxes with respect to the particle concentration [81]. Thus, positive values of V e denote upwards transport whereas negative values of V e describe downward transport.…”

Section: Aerosols Sampling and Gas Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Sea Breeze Dynamics on Atmospheric Pollutants and Their Toxicity in Industrial and Urban Coastal Environments

et al. 2020

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Sea breeze (SB) phenomena may strongly influence air quality and lead to important effects on human health. In order to study the impact of SB dynamics on the properties and toxicity of aerosols, an atmospheric mobile unit was deployed during a field campaign performed in an urbanized and industrialized coastal area in Northern France. This unit combines aerosol samplers, two scanning lidars (Doppler and elastic) and an air-liquid interface (ALI, Vitrocell®) in vitro cell exposure device. Our study highlights that after the passage of an SB front, the top of the atmospheric boundary layer collapses as the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) develops, which leads to high aerosol extinction coefficient values (>0.4 km−1) and an increase of PM2.5 and NOx concentrations in the SB current. The number-size distribution of particles indicates a high proportion of fine particles (with diameter below 500 nm), while the volume-size distribution shows a major mode of coarse particles centered on 2–3 µm. Individual particle analyses performed by cryo-transmission scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TSEM)-EDX highlights that submicronic particles contained a high fraction of secondary compounds, which may result from nucleation and/or condensation of condensable species (vapors or gaseous species after photo-oxidation). Secondary aerosol (SA) formation can be enhanced in some areas, by the interaction between the SB flow and the upper continental air mass, particularly due to the effect of both turbulence and temperature/humidity gradients between these two contrasting air masses. Potential areas of SA formation are located near the ground, during the SB front passage and in the vicinity of the SB current top. During the sea breeze event, an increase in the oxidative stress and inflammation processes in exposed lung cells, compared to the unexposed cells, can also be seen. In some instances, short singularity periods are observed during SB, corresponding to a double flow structure. It consists of two adjacent SB currents that induce an important increase of the TIBL top, improving the pollutants dispersion. This is associated with a substantial decrease of aerosol mass concentrations.

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Aerosol particles during the Innsbruck Air Quality Study (INNAQS): Fluxes of nucleation to accumulation mode particles in relation to selective urban tracers

Cited by 23 publications

References 78 publications

Enhancement of nanoparticle formation and growth during the COVID-19 lockdown period in urban Beijing

Enhancement of nanoparticle formation and growth during the COVID-19 lockdown period in urban Beijing

Enhancement of nanoparticle formation and growth during the COVID-19 lockdown period in urban Beijing

Impact of Sea Breeze Dynamics on Atmospheric Pollutants and Their Toxicity in Industrial and Urban Coastal Environments

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