Aerosol optical properties and chemical composition apportionment in Sichuan Basin, China

Wang, Huanbo; Shi, Guangming; Tian, Mi; Zhang, Leiming; Chen, Yang; Yang, Fumo; Cao, Xuyao

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.173

Cited by 75 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Most b sp measurements were conducted using a nephelometer under RH < 60%. The highest annual b sp was in Xi'an (525 Mm −1 , RH < 60 %) (Cao et al, 2012a), followed by Chengdu (456 Mm −1 , RH < 40 %; 421 Mm −1 , ambient RH) (Tao et al, 2014b;Wang et al, 2017a), Guangzhou (326 Mm −1 , RH < 70 %) (Tao et al, 2014c), Beijing (309 Mm −1 , RH < 60 %) Jing et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2011) and Shanghai (217 Mm −1 , RH < 60 %) (T. . Such spatial patterns were mainly due to the spatial patterns of annual PM 2.5 mass, i.e., Xi'an (177 µg m −3 ) > Chengdu (111 µg m −3 > Beijing (108 µg m −3 ) > Shanghai (77 µg m −3 ) > Guangzhou (65 µg m −3 ), and partly due to humidity conditions, e.g., Beijing versus Guangzhou.…”

Section: Geographical Patternsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Annual average b ap ranged from 37 to 96 Mm −1 with higher values observed in Chengdu and Xi'an (likely due to popular biomass burning besides large amount of coal burning) (Cao et al, 2012a;Tao et al, 2014a, b;Wang et al, 2017a;Zhang et al, 2014b), and lower values in Shouxian and rural Beijing Yan et al, 2008;. b ap in Guangzhou was higher than that in Beijing and Shanghai despite their similar PM 2.5 EC levels, likely due to the different coating of EC in Guangzhou than in other cities.…”

Section: Geographical Patternsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Duan et al, 2006;He et al, 2001Song et al, 2006a;Tian et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2011a, b;Zhang et al, 2013a;Zhao et al, 2013c;Zhou et al, 2015a;Zíková et al, 2016), YRD (Feng et al, 2009;Li et al, 2015aLi et al, , 2016aLiu et al, 2015;Ming et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2006Wang et al, , 2016bYe et al, 2003;Zhao et al, 2015b), PRD (Hagler et al, 2006;Huang et al, 2013;Louie et al, 2005a;Tao et al, 2014cTao et al, , 2017 and Sichuan Basin (Y. Tao et al, 2013aTao et al, , 2014aWang et al, 2017a;Yang et al, 2011b), respectively, which was 3 to 6 times, 2 to 3 times, 1 to 2 times and 3 to 6 times NAAQS, respectively.…”

Section: Geographical Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Data reviewed in this section are all listed in Table S3 in the Supplement. Measurements were available at (1) urban sites, including Beijing in BTH (Bergin et al, 2001;Garland et al, 2009;Han et al, 2014;He et al, 2009;Jing et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2009;Tian et al, 2015;Tao et al, 2015a;Wu et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2011), Shanghai (T. Feng et al, 2014;Han et al, 2015;Huang et al, 2014a;Xu et al, 2012a;Zha et al, 2014), Nanjing (Kang et al, 2013) and Shouxian (Anhui Province) in YRD , Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong in PRD (Andreae et al, 2008;Cheng et al, 2006aCheng et al, , b, 2008aGao et al, 2015;Garland et al, 2008;Jung et al, 2009;Lan et al, 2013;Man and Shih, 2001;Tao et al, 2014c;Verma et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2009, Chengdu in southwest China (Tao et al, 2014b;Wang et al, 2017a) and Xi'an in northwest China (Cao et al, 2012a;Zhu et al, 2015); (2) rural sites, including rural Beijing (Shangdianzi) and rural Tianjin (Wuqing) in BTH Yan et al, 2008;; (3) and remote sites in north and northwest China Xu et al, 2004;Yan, 2007). Sites with 1 year or longer data included Beijing, rural Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Xi'an and Shouxian.…”

Section: Aerosol Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. To obtain a thorough knowledge of PM 2.5 chemical composition and its impact on aerosol optical properties across China, existing field studies conducted after the year 2000 are reviewed and summarized in terms of geographical, interannual and seasonal distributions. Annual PM 2.5 was up to 6 times the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in some megacities in northern China. Annual PM 2.5 was higher in northern than southern cities, and higher in inland than coastal cities. In a few cities with data longer than a decade, PM 2.5 showed a slight decrease only in the second half of the past decade, while carbonaceous aerosols decreased, sulfate (SO 2− 4 ) and ammonium (NH + 4 ) remained at high levels, and nitrate (NO − 3 ) increased. The highest seasonal averages of PM 2.5 and its major chemical components were typically observed in the cold seasons. Annual average contributions of secondary inorganic aerosols to PM 2.5 ranged from 25 to 48 %, and those of carbonaceous aerosols ranged from 23 to 47 %, both with higher contributions in southern regions due to the frequent dust events in northern China. Source apportionment analysis identified secondary inorganic aerosols, coal combustion and traffic emission as the top three source factors contributing to PM 2.5 mass in most Chinese cities, and the sum of these three source factors explained 44 to 82 % of PM 2.5 mass on annual average across China. Biomass emission in most cities, industrial emission in industrial cities, dust emission in northern cities and ship emission in coastal cities are other major source factors, each of which contributed 7-27 % to PM 2.5 mass in applicable cities.The geographical pattern of scattering coefficient (b sp ) was similar to that of PM 2.5 , and that of aerosol absorption coefficient (b ap ) was determined by elemental carbon (EC) mass concentration and its coating. b sp in ambient condition of relative humidity (RH) = 80 % can be amplified by about 1.8 times that under dry conditions. Secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for about 60 % of aerosol extinction coefficient (b ext ) at RH greater than 70 %. The mass scattering efficiency (MSE) of PM 2.5 ranged from 3.0 to 5.0 m 2 g −1 for aerosols produced from anthropogenic emissions and from 0.7 to 1.0 m 2 g −1 for natural dust aerosols. The mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of EC ranged from 6.5 to 12.4 m 2 g −1 in urban environments, but the MAE of water-soluble organic carbon was only 0.05 to 0.11 m 2 g −1 . Historical emission control policies in China and their effectiveness were discussed based on available chemically resolved PM 2.5 data, which provides the much needed knowledge for guiding future studies and emissions policies.

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Section: Geographical Patternsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Geographical Patternsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Geographical Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Aerosol Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

et al. 2017

Self Cite

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“…Specifically, secondary inorganic aerosols, coal combustion, other industrial pollution, soil dust, vehicular emission, and metallurgical industry are the main sources for the PM 2.5 , accounting for 37.5%, 22.0%, 17.5%, 11.0%, 9.8%, and 2.2% of the total concentration [72]. Climate conditions, particularly of low wind speed and high relative humidity, also are the controlling factors for PM 2.5 concentration [73]. Under this condition, the centralization of urbanization means difficulty in the dispersion of the pollution sources, which worsens the air quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale- and Region-Dependence in Landscape-PM2.5 Correlation: Implications for Urban Planning

2017

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Under rapid urbanization, many cities in China suffer from serious fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution. As the emission sources or adsorption sinks, land use and the corresponding landscape pattern unavoidably affect the concentration. However, the correlation varies with different regions and scales, leaving a significant gap for urban planning. This study clarifies the correlation with the aid of in situ and satellite-based spatial datasets over six urban agglomerations in China. Two coverage and four landscape indices are adopted to represent land use and landscape pattern. Specifically, the coverage indices include the area ratios of forest (F_PLAND) and built-up areas (C_PLAND). The landscape indices refer to the perimeter-area fractal dimension index (PAFRAC), interspersion and juxtaposition index (IJI), aggregation index (AI), Shannon's diversity index (SHDI). Then, the correlation between PM 2.5 concentration with the selected indices are evaluated from supporting the potential urban planning. Results show that the correlations are weak with the in situ PM 2.5 concentration, which are significant with the regional value. It means that land use coverage and landscape pattern affect PM 2.5 at a relatively large scale. Furthermore, regional PM 2.5 concentration negatively correlate to F_PLAND and positively to C_PLAND (significance at p < 0.05), indicating that forest helps to improve air quality, while built-up areas worsen the pollution. Finally, the heterogeneous landscape presents positive correlation to the regional PM 2.5 concentration in most regions, except for the urban agglomeration with highly-developed urban (i.e., the Jing-Jin-Ji and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomerations). It suggests that centralized urbanization would be helpful for PM 2.5 pollution controlling by reducing the emission sources in most regions. Based on the results, the potential urban planning is proposed for controlling PM 2.5 pollution for each urban agglomeration.

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Suitability of pyrolusite as additive to activated coke for low‐temperature NO removal

Yang

Jiang

et al. 2017

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Pyrolusite was used as additive to prepare coal‐based activated coke (AC) for low‐temperature NO removal. The pyrolusite modified AC was prepared by a blending method, and the denitrification performance was evaluated in a lab‐scale simulated fixed‐bed reactor. RESULTS The blending of pyrolusite promoted the specific surface area and pore structure of AC, even though the MnO2 and Fe2O3 showed inhibitory effects when blended separately. Both the basic and acid sites of AC‐Mn(x) increased owing to the participation of the blended MnO2 during the activation, while the blending of Fe2O3 showed an inhibited effect. AC‐P10 showed the highest NO removal efficiency at 74.2%, which was 32.8%, 27.0% and 24.2% higher than that of AC, AC‐Mn4 and AC‐Fe6. The operating temperature adaptability and stability of catalysis activity of AC‐P10 are good. Manganese is the main catalyst of AC‐P(x), and Fe is an accelerant to stimulate the catalytic activity of Mn. The extremely high NO removal activity of AC‐P(x) was due to the synergistic effect of surface functional groups and metals, but the catalysis of metals played a more important role. CONCLUSION Pyrolusite is suitable to prepare the AC‐based denitrification catalyst (AC‐P(x)) for SCR NO removal because the Mn and Fe contained in the pyrolusite showed a synergistic effect. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

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Aerosol optical properties and chemical composition apportionment in Sichuan Basin, China

Cited by 75 publications

References 50 publications

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

Scale- and Region-Dependence in Landscape-PM2.5 Correlation: Implications for Urban Planning

Suitability of pyrolusite as additive to activated coke for low‐temperature NO removal

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Aerosol optical properties and chemical composition apportionment in Sichuan Basin, China

Cited by 75 publications

References 50 publications

A review of current knowledge concerning PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

Scale- and Region-Dependence in Landscape-PM2.5 Correlation: Implications for Urban Planning

Suitability of pyrolusite as additive to activated coke for low‐temperature NO removal

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Product

Resources

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A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China

A review of current knowledge concerning PM<sub>2. 5</sub> chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China