Aerosol Measurement: The Use of Optical Light Scattering for the Determination of Particulate Size Distribution, and Particulate Mass, Including the Semi-Volatile Fraction

Grimm, H.; Eatough, Delbert J.

doi:10.3155/1047-3289.59.1.101

Cited by 188 publications

(135 citation statements)

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“…For non-spherical particles the function is more complex and several methods such as the Discrete Dipole Approximation can be employed (Yurkin and Hoekstra, 2007). The GRIMM Spectrometer model EDM 164 employed in the present work uses multi-channel light scattering optics as the measuring principle; a detailed description with schematic diagrams of a similar instrument can be found in Grimm and Eatough (2009). The instrument is provided with a laser diode emitting at γ = 660 nm.…”

Section: The Grimm Aerosol Optical Spectrometermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal variability of aerosol concentration and size distribution in Cape Verde using a continuous aerosol optical spectrometer

Pio

Cardoso

Cerqueira

et al. 2014

Front. Environ. Sci.

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One year of, almost continuous, measurements of aerosol optical properties and chemical composition were performed at the outskirts of Praia, Santiago Island, Cape Verde, within the framework of CV-DUST (Atmospheric aerosol in Cape Verde region: seasonal evaluation of composition, sources and transport) research project, during 2011. This article reports the aerosol number and mass concentration measurements using a GRIMM Optical Aerosol Spectrometer that provides number size discrimination into 31 size ranges from 0.25 to 32 μm. Time series of 5 min average PM 10 concentrations revealed peak values higher than 1000 μg.m −3 during winter dust storm events originating over Northern Africa. The 24 h average concentrations exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for PM 2.5 and PM 10 in 20 and 30% of the 2001 days, respectively. Annual average mass concentrations (±standard deviation) for PM 1 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 were 5 ± 5, 19 ± 21, and 48 ± 64 μg.m −3 , respectively. The annual PM 2.5 and PM 10 values were also above the limits prescribed by the WHO (10 and 20 μg.m −3 , respectively). The aerosol mass size distribution revealed two main modes for particles smaller than 10 μm: a fine mode (0.7-0.8 μm), which possibly results of gas to particle conversion processes; and a coarse mode with maxima at 3-4 μm, which is associated with desert dust and sea salt sources. Within the coarse mode two sub-modes with maxima at 5-6 and 10-12 μm were frequently present.

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Section: The Grimm Aerosol Optical Spectrometermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The instrument is provided with a screened entrance head in accordance with Johannesburg Convention which, in accordance with the manufacturer, permits efficient entrance of particles of sizes up to 10-20 μm, for wind speeds up to 8 m.s −1 (Grimm and Eatough, 2009). …”

Section: The Grimm Aerosol Optical Spectrometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variability of aerosol concentration and size distribution in Cape Verde using a continuous aerosol optical spectrometer

Pio

Cardoso

Cerqueira

et al. 2014

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…The corresponding measurement principle relies on the properties of light scattered by particles injected in an optical chamber and crossing a light beam (e. g. Grimm and Eatough, 2009). The measurements are usually conducted at "large" scattering angles, typically around 90 • with collecting angle of a few tens of degrees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 1: Principle of measurements and instrument evaluation

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The study of aerosols in the troposphere and in the stratosphere is of major importance both for climate and air quality studies. Among the numerous instruments available, optical aerosol particles counters (OPCs) provide the size distribution in diameter range from about 100 nm to a few tens of µm. Most of them are very sensitive to the nature of aerosols, and this can result in significant biases in the retrieved size distribution. We describe here a new versatile optical particle/sizer counter named LOAC (Light Optical Aerosol Counter), which is light and compact enough to perform measurements not only at the surface but under all kinds of balloons in the troposphere and in the stratosphere. LOAC is an original OPC performing observations at two scattering angles. The first one is around 12 • , and is almost insensitive to the refractive index of the particles; the second one is around 60 • and is strongly sensitive to the refractive Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. J.-B. Renard et al.: Size distribution and nature of atmospheric particlesindex of the particles. By combining measurement at the two angles, it is possible to retrieve the size distribution between 0.2 and 100 µm and to estimate the nature of the dominant particles (droplets, carbonaceous, salts and mineral particles) when the aerosol is relatively homogeneous. This typology is based on calibration charts obtained in the laboratory. The uncertainty for total concentrations measurements is ±20 % when concentrations are higher than 1 particle cm −3 (for a 10 min integration time). For lower concentrations, the uncertainty is up to about ±60 % for concentrations smaller than 10 −2 particle cm −3 . Also, the uncertainties in size calibration are ±0.025 µm for particles smaller than 0.6 µm, 5 % for particles in the 0.7-2 µm range, and 10 % for particles greater than 2 µm. The measurement accuracy of submicronic particles could be reduced in a strongly turbid case when concentration of particles > 3 µm exceeds a few particles cm −3 . Several campaigns of cross-comparison of LOAC with other particle counting instruments and remote sensing photometers have been conducted to validate both the size distribution derived by LOAC and the retrieved particle number density. The typology of the aerosols has been validated in well-defined conditions including urban pollution, desert dust episodes, sea spray, fog, and cloud. Comparison with reference aerosol mass monitoring instruments also shows that the LOAC measurements can be successfully converted to mass concentrations.

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“…The mass M A (ng m −3 ) and number N A (cm −3 ) concentrations of aerosol particles with diameters from 0.3 to 20 µm were determined with the help of photoelectric particle counters GRIMM 1.108 (Peters et al, 2006;Grimm and Eatough, 2009) and AZ-10 (Manual AZ-10, 2010), which were calibrated under factory conditions with the help of polystyrene latexes with known sizes. The intercalibration of photoelectric counters, performed before the expeditions, confirmed that data compare well within the uncertainties of the instruments.…”

Section: Characterization Of Expedition Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On measurements of aerosol-gas composition of the atmosphere during two expeditions in 2013 along the Northern Sea Route

et al. 2015

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Abstract. We presented the results of expedition measurements of the set of physical-chemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol in areas of the Arctic and Far East seas, performed onboard RV Akademik Fedorov (17 August-22 September 2013) and RV Professor Khljustin (24 July-7 September 2013). The specific features of spatial distribution and time variations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the atmosphere in the wavelength range of 0.34-2.14 µm and boundary layer height, aerosol and black carbon mass concentrations, and disperse and chemical composition of aerosol are discussed. Over the Arctic Ocean (on the route of RV Akademik Fedorov) there is a decrease in aerosol and black carbon concentrations in a northeastern direction: higher values were observed in the region of Spitsbergen and near the Kola Peninsula; and minimum values were observed at northern margins of the Laptev Sea. Average AOD (0.5 µm) values in this remote region were 0.03; the aerosol and black carbon mass concentrations were 875 and 22 ng m −3 , respectively. The spatial distributions of most aerosol characteristics over Far East seas show their latitudinal decrease in the northern direction. On transit of RV Professor Khljustin from the Japan Sea to the Chukchi Sea, the aerosol number concentration decreased on average from 23.7 to 2.5 cm −3 , the black carbon mass concentration decreased from 150 to 50 ng m −3 , and AOD decreased from 0.19 to 0.03. We analyzed the variations in the boundary layer height, measured by ship-based lidar: the average value was 520 m, and the maximal value was 1200 m. In latitudinal distribution of the boundary layer height, there is a characteristic minimum at a latitude of ∼ 55 • N. For water basins of eight seas, we present the chemical compositions of the water-soluble aerosol fraction (ions, elements) and small gasphase species, as well as estimates of their vertical fluxes. It is shown that substances are mainly (75-89 %) supplied from the atmosphere to the sea surface together with gas-phase species. The deposited ions account for from 11 to 24.5 %, and trace elements account for 0.2-0.4 % of the total sum of water-soluble components. The average vertical fluxes of aerosol substance are a factor of 4-7 larger in the Japan Sea than in the water basins of Arctic seas.

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Aerosol Measurement: The Use of Optical Light Scattering for the Determination of Particulate Size Distribution, and Particulate Mass, Including the Semi-Volatile Fraction

Cited by 188 publications

References 5 publications

Seasonal variability of aerosol concentration and size distribution in Cape Verde using a continuous aerosol optical spectrometer

Seasonal variability of aerosol concentration and size distribution in Cape Verde using a continuous aerosol optical spectrometer

LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 1: Principle of measurements and instrument evaluation

On measurements of aerosol-gas composition of the atmosphere during two expeditions in 2013 along the Northern Sea Route

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