Aerosol characterization of the stratospheric plume from the volcanic eruption at Hunga Tonga January 15th 2022

Kloss, Corinna; Sellitto, Pasquale; Renard, Jean‐Baptiste; Baron, Alexandre; Bègue, Nelson; Legras, Bernard; Berthet, Gwenaël; Briaud, Emmanuel; Carboni, Elisa; Duchamp, Clair; Duflot, Valentin; Jacquet, Patrick; Marquestaut, Nicolas; Metzger, Jean-Marc; Payen, Guillaume; Ranaivombola, Marion; Roberts, Tjarda; Siddans, Richard; Jégou, Fabrice

doi:10.1002/essoar.10511312.1

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…3e-f) shows the two aerosol clouds as high-scattering-ratio patches without depolarization, hence made of small spherical particles. A few days later, the LOAC flight from La Réunion brings confirmation by showing sub-micronic, mainly non-absorbing, particles (Kloss et al, 2022).…”

Section: Composition Of the Plumementioning

confidence: 84%

“…The extinction and backscatter coefficients have been estimated at 750 and 532 nm, respectively, to simulate OMPS and CALIOP observations. Typical sulphate aerosols refractive indices have been considered, with the assumption of very weakly absorbing particles (based on the results of (Kloss et al, 2022)). Log-normal size distributions with varying standard deviation are simulated, to study how this ratio changes with radius.…”

Section: A4 Mie Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolution and dynamics of the Hunga Tonga plume in the stratosphere

Legras

Duchamp

Sellitto

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. We use a combination of space-borne instruments (CALIOP, OMPS-LP, IASI, MLS, ALADIN, GEOs) to study the unprecedented stratospheric plume after the Hunga Tonga eruption of 15 January 2022. The plume was formed of two initial clouds at 30 and 28 km mostly composed of sub-micronic sulphate particles without ashes, washed-out within the first hours. The large amount of water vapour injected led to a fast conversion of SO2 to sulphates and the fast descent of the plume over the first three weeks. While SO2 returned to background levels by the end of January, the sulphate plume persisted until June, mainly confined between 20° N and 35° S due to the zonal symmetry of the summer stratospheric circulation at 24–25 km. As they grew through hydration and coagulation, the sedimenting sulphate particles separated from the ascending moisture entrained in the Brewer-Dobson circulation. IASI-derived sulphate aerosol optical depths show that the aerosol plume was not simply diluted and dispersed passively but rather organized in concentrated patches. ALADIN-AEOLUS winds suggest that those structures, generated by shear-induced instabilities, are associated with vorticity anomalies. They likely enhance the duration and impacts of the plume.

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Section: Composition Of the Plumementioning

confidence: 84%

Section: A4 Mie Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution and dynamics of the Hunga Tonga plume in the stratosphere

Legras

Duchamp

Sellitto

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Additionally, Kloss 44 (using in-situ balloon-borne observations of the plume at La Reunion island) found that the Hunga Tonga plume one week after the eruption had no coarse (>1 μm) ash aerosol component in contrast with Pinatubo 1991 or the Raikoke 2019 eruption 45 . This balloon-borne result is to first order, consistent with our observation of a lack of strong ash signature in the umbrella cloud although there are significant uncertainties in the eruption's initial ash content due to the probability of ice coated ash particles and rapid ash sedimentation after the eruption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eruption chronology of the December 2021 to January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption sequence

Gupta

Bennartz

Fauria

et al. 2022

Commun Earth Environ

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The 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, and the preceding eruptions on 19 December 2021 and 13 January 2022, were remarkable, partly because the eruptions generated extensive umbrella clouds, regions where the volcanic clouds spread laterally. Here we use satellite remote sensing to evaluate the umbrella cloud tops’ heights, longevities, water contents, and volumetric flow rates. We identified two umbrella clouds at distinct elevations on 15 January 2022. Specifically, after 05:30 UTC, the strong westward propagation of an upper umbrella cloud at 31 km ± 3 km enabled the visibility of the lower umbrella cloud at 17 km ± 2 km. The satellite-derived volumetric flow rate for 15 January 2022 was ~5.0 × 1011 m3 s−1, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than the volumetric flow rates estimated for the 19 December 2021 and 13 January 2022 eruptions. Finally, we found that the umbrellas on all three dates were ice-rich.

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“…The larger particle size and low depolarization ratio of the aerosol layer are possibly due to coagulation of the sulfate aerosol particulate and condensation on pre-existing aerosols (LeGrande et al, 2016;Thomason et al, 2021). Kloss et al (2022) used in situ balloon measurements to show that the aerosol particle size within the main plume was between 0.5 and 1 micron and composed primarily of sulfate aerosol with a small component of absorbing aerosol.…”

Section: The Volcanic Aerosol Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Aerosol Cloud in the Upper and Middle Stratosphere Using Space‐Based Observations

Taha

Loughman

Colarco

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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55°S, 175.4°W) erupted twice, sending material high into the stratosphere. The first volcanic plume on 13 January reached an altitude between 18 and 20 km. On 15 January, a second and more powerful series of explosions started at 4:10 UTC and lasted 11 hr, generating airborne shockwaves and oceanic tsunami waves that traveled around the globe (https://www.nesdis. noaa.gov/news/the-hunga-tonga-hunga-haapai-eruption-multi-hazard-event). The eruption lofted material high in the upper stratosphere, reaching an altitude of 55-58 km (Carr et al., 2022;Proud et al., 2022), the highest observed by space-based measurements, creating an umbrella cloud with radius ∼ 500 km. Until this year, the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, had the highest altitude volcanic injection recorded in the satellite era, which reached 40 km (Holasek et al., 1996). It is unlikely that this eruption will have significant aerosol-driven climate effects because of the relatively low SO 2 injection, 400,000 tonnes compared to 20 million tonnes for Pinatubo (Witze, 2022). Millán et al. (2022 estimated that this eruption injected 146 Tg (1 Tg = 1 million tonnes) of water into the stratosphere and predicted that it would result in surface warming rather than surface cooling expected from the sulfate aerosol alone. Thus, because of the extraordinary nature of the eruption, it is essential that we monitor the initial impact and transport of the volcanic plume as it circulates the globe to understand the long-term effect of this eruption. We expect it to influence Earth's radiative balance and affect the chemical and dynamical processes related to ozone destruction in the stratosphere.

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Aerosol characterization of the stratospheric plume from the volcanic eruption at Hunga Tonga January 15th 2022

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The evolution and dynamics of the Hunga Tonga plume in the stratosphere

The evolution and dynamics of the Hunga Tonga plume in the stratosphere

Eruption chronology of the December 2021 to January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption sequence

Tracking the 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Aerosol Cloud in the Upper and Middle Stratosphere Using Space‐Based Observations

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