Aerosol and Air Quality

Fuzzi, S.; Gilardoni, Stefania; Kokhanovsky, Alexander A.; Nicolantonio, W. Di; Mukai, Sonoyo; Sano, Itaru; Nakata, Makiko; Tomasi, Claudio; Lanconelli, Christian

doi:10.1002/9783527336449.ch9

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…As well as having an impact on climate, aerosols affect both environment and human health. Recent epidemiological research has suggested that health effects of aerosol may be less closely linked to the total mass of PM 2.5 or PM 10 than to the physicochemical characteristic of the aerosol; however, there is still much to be understood (Fuzzi and Gilardoni, 2013). Establishment of epidemiological links to individual aerosol chemical compounds is hampered by a lack of available measurements.…”

Section: M Twigg Et Al: Water Soluble Aerosols and Gases At A Ukmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water soluble aerosols and gases at a UK background site – Part 1: Controls of PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol composition

et al. 2015

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Abstract. There is limited availability of long-term, high temporal resolution, chemically speciated aerosol measurements which can provide further insight into the health and environmental impacts of particulate matter. The Monitor for AeRosols and Gases (MARGA, Applikon B.V., NL) allows for the characterisation of the inorganic components of PM 10 and PM 2.5 (NH provided the single largest contribution to PM 2.5 fraction in all seasons. Sea salt was the main component (73 %) of the PM coarse fraction (PM 10 -PM 2.5 ), though NO − 3 was also found to make a relatively large contribution to the measured mass (17 %) providing evidence of considerable processing of sea salt in the coarse mode. There was on occasions evidence of aerosol from combustion events being transported to the site in 2012 as high K + concentrations (deviating from the known ratio in sea salt) coincided with increases in black carbon at the site. Pollution events in PM 10 (defined as concentrations > 12 µg m −3 ) were on average dominated by NH + 4 and NO − 3 , where smaller loadings at the site tended to be dominated by sea salt. As with other western European sites, the charge balance of the inorganic components resolved were biased towards cations, suggesting the aerosol was basic or more likely that organic acids contributed to the charge balance. This study demonstrates the UK background atmospheric composition is primarily driven by meteorology with sea salt dominating air masses from the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic, whereas secondary inorganic aerosols tended to dominate air masses from continental Europe.

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Section: M Twigg Et Al: Water Soluble Aerosols and Gases At A Ukmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water soluble aerosols and gases at a UK background site – Part 1: Controls of PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol composition

et al. 2015

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“…Atmospheric aerosols are a minor component of Earth's atmosphere, but they have various and remarkable effects on many processes taking place in it. For example, they can dramatically degrade the air quality, thus representing a serious threat for the health of millions of people worldwide (Fuzzi et al 2017). Atmospheric aerosols also play an important role in Earth's radiative balance, affecting it in two different ways: (a) directly, by absorbing or scattering the incoming solar radiation; (b) indirectly, by acting as Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) or Ice Nuclei (IN), thereby influencing cloud formation and their radiative properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical profile of the clear-sky aerosol direct radiative effect in an Alpine valley, by the synergy of ground-based measurements and radiative transfer simulations

Fasano

Diémoz

Fountoulakis

et al. 2021

Bull. of Atmos. Sci.& Technol.

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Atmospheric aerosols play an important role in Earth’s radiative balance, directly interacting with solar radiation or influencing cloud formation and properties. In order to assess their radiative impact, it is necessary to accurately characterise their optical properties, together with their spatial and vertical distribution. The information on aerosol vertical profile is often scarce, in particular in mountainous, complex terrains. This study presents the first attempt to evaluate the shortwave aerosol direct radiative effect in the Aosta Valley, a mountainous region in the Northwestern Italian Alps. Ground-based, remote sensing instruments (a sky radiometer and an Automated Lidar Ceilometer) are used to derive two descriptions of the aerosol properties and vertical distribution: a first, more accurate description, which includes the whole spectral information about the aerosol extinction coefficient, phase function and single scattering albedo; a second, more approximate one, which only relies on spectrally constant values of aerosol single scattering albedo and asymmetry factor. This information is used as input for radiative transfer simulations, which allow to estimate, in cloudless conditions, the shortwave aerosol direct radiative effect and the vertical profile of the instantaneous heating rates in the lower layers of the atmosphere. The simulations obtained with the two descriptions do not differ significantly: they highlight a strong surface dimming (between − 25 and − 50 W m− 2) due to the presence of aerosol, with a considerable radiative absorption inside the atmospheric column (around + 30 W m− 2), and an overall small cooling effect for the Earth-atmospheric system. The absorption of solar radiation within the atmospheric column due to aerosol leads to instantaneous heating rates up to 1.5 K day− 1 in the tropospheric layers below 6 km a.s.l. These results show that, in some conditions, the shortwave aerosol direct radiative effect can be considerable even in this Alpine environment, usually considered as relatively pristine (yearly average PM10 concentration about 20 μg m− 3).

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“…The short-and long-term detrimental health effects of inhaled soot particles, including all-cause, cardiovascular, and cardiopulmonary mortality are well documented, e.g., [15,16] and references therein. Moreover, soot particles may carry toxic substances adhered to their large sorption surface area [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of the Airborne Ambient Soot Predominant Emission Sources Determined by Raman Microspectroscopy and Thermo-Optical Method

et al. 2021

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Raman microspectroscopy and thermo-optical-transmittance (TOT) method were used to study airborne ambient soot collected at the suburban air monitoring station in southern Poland during the residential heating (January-February) and non-heating (June–July) seasons of 2017. Carbonaceous material constituted on average 47.2 wt.% of PM2.5 during the heating season and 26.9 wt.% in the non-heating season. Average concentrations of OC (37.5 ± 11.0 μg/m3) and EC (5.3 ± 1.1 μg/m3) during the heating season were significantly higher than those in the non-heating season (OC = 2.65 ± 0.78 μg/m3, and EC = 0.39 ± 0.18 μg/m3). OC was a chief contributor to the TC mass concentration regardless of the season. All Raman parameters indicated coal combustion and biomass burning were the predominant sources of soot in the heating season. Diesel soot, which is structurally less ordered than soot from other sources, was dominant during the non-heating season. The D1 and G bands area ratio (D1A/GA) was the most sensitive Raman parameter that discriminated between various soot sources, with D1A/GA > 1 for diesel soot, and less than 1 for soot from coal and wood burning. Due to high daily variability of both TOT and Raman spectroscopy data, single-day measurements can be inconclusive regarding the soot source apportionment. Long-time measurement campaigns are recommended.

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Aerosol and Air Quality

Cited by 6 publications

References 92 publications

Water soluble aerosols and gases at a UK background site – Part 1: Controls of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> aerosol composition

Water soluble aerosols and gases at a UK background site – Part 1: Controls of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> aerosol composition

Vertical profile of the clear-sky aerosol direct radiative effect in an Alpine valley, by the synergy of ground-based measurements and radiative transfer simulations

Seasonality of the Airborne Ambient Soot Predominant Emission Sources Determined by Raman Microspectroscopy and Thermo-Optical Method

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Aerosol and Air Quality

Cited by 6 publications

References 92 publications

Water soluble aerosols and gases at a UK background site – Part 1: Controls of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; aerosol composition

Water soluble aerosols and gases at a UK background site – Part 1: Controls of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; aerosol composition

Vertical profile of the clear-sky aerosol direct radiative effect in an Alpine valley, by the synergy of ground-based measurements and radiative transfer simulations

Seasonality of the Airborne Ambient Soot Predominant Emission Sources Determined by Raman Microspectroscopy and Thermo-Optical Method

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Product

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Water soluble aerosols and gases at a UK background site – Part 1: Controls of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> aerosol composition

Water soluble aerosols and gases at a UK background site – Part 1: Controls of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> aerosol composition