Aerodynamics of a wheelchair sprinter racing at the 100m world record pace by CFD

Forte, Pedro; Marinho, Daniel A.; Morais, Jorge E.; Morouço, Pedro; Pascoal‐Faria, Paula; Barbosa, Tiago M.

doi:10.1063/1.5043818

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Firstly, an excessive range of trunk movement ( Goosey, Campbell & Fowler, 1998 ) as well as head and trunk movements that are too fast ( Jones et al., 1992 ) reduce the economy of movement and increase oxygen consumption ( Goosey, Campbell & Fowler, 2000 ). Additionally, alterations in body posture can significantly impact air resistance ( Forte et al., 2018b ), a crucial factor as it constitutes 35% of the overall drag force ( Forte et al., 2018a ). Previous studies have indicated that the impact of air resistance gradually amplifies with an increase in propulsion velocity ( Forte et al., 2019b ), air drag accounts for 46% of the total resistance at a propulsion speed of 6.97 m/s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technical economy ( Forte et al., 2019a ; Goosey & Campbell, 1998a ; Goosey, Campbell & Fowler, 1998 ; Jones et al., 1992 ; Vanlandewijck, Spaepen & Lysens, 1994 ) and air drag ( Barbosa et al., 2016 ; Forte et al., 2018a ; Hedrick et al., 1990 ; Lewis et al., 2017 ) of wheelchair athletes are affected by their trunk posture and movements. Athletes who possess superior technical efficiency demonstrate enhanced rhythm perception and reduced trunk movement velocities during propulsion ( Jones et al., 1992 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of trunk kinematics and EMG activity of wheelchair racing T54 athletes on wheelchair propulsion speeds

Guo

Liu

Huang

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of trunk kinematic characteristics and trunk muscle electromyography (EMG) activity on propulsion speeds in wheelchair racing T54 athletes. Method The Vicon infrared high-speed 3D motion capture system was utilized to acquire kinematic data of the shoulders, elbows, wrists, and trunk from twelve T54 athletes at four different speeds (5.55 m/s, 6.94 m/s, 8.33 m/s, and personal maximum speed). Additionally, the Trigno Wireless EMG system was employed to collect synchronous surface electromyography (EMG) data from the rectus abdominis and erector spinae muscles. The kinematics and EMG data of the trunk were compared across various wheelchair propulsion speeds while also examining the correlation coefficient between wheelchair propulsion speeds and: (1) the range of motion of upper limb joints as well as the trunk; (2) the maximum angular velocities of the upper limbs joints as well as the trunk; and (3) rectus abdominis and erector spinae EMG activity. Two multiple linear stepwise regression models were utilized to examine the impact of variables that had been identified as significant through correlation coefficient tests (1) and (2) on propulsion speed, respectively. Results There were significant differences in the range of motion (p<0.01) and angular velocity (p<0.01) of the athlete’s trunk between different propulsion speeds. The range of motion (p<0.01, r = 0.725) and angular speed (p<0.01, r = 0.882) of the trunk showed a stronger correlation with propulsion speed than did upper limb joint movements. The multiple linear stepwise regression model revealed that the standardized β values of trunk motion range and angular velocity in athletes were greater than those of other independent variables in both models. In terms of the EMG variables, four of six variables from the rectus abdominis showed differences at different speeds (p<0.01), one of six variables from the erector spinae showed differences at different speeds (p<0.01). All six variables derived from the rectus abdominis exhibited a significant correlation with propulsion speed (p<0.05, r>0.3), while one variable derived from the erector spinae was found to be significantly correlated with propulsion speed (p<0.01, r = 0.551). Conclusion The movement of the trunk plays a pivotal role in determining the propulsion speed of wheelchair racing T54 athletes. Athletes are advised to utilize trunk movements to enhance their wheelchair’s propulsion speed while also being mindful of the potential negative impact on sports performance resulting from excessive trunk elevation. The findings of this study indicate that it would be beneficial for wheelchair racing T54 athletes to incorporate trunk strength training into their overall strength training regimen, with a specific emphasis on enhancing the flexion and extension muscles of the trunk.

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