Aerobic Training Down-Regulates Pentraxin 3 and Pentraxin 3/Toll-Like Receptor 4 Ratio, Irrespective of Oxidative Stress Response, in Elderly Subjects

Abstract

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-mediated cellular aging has been linked to diseases such as atherothrombosis and cancer. Although pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is associated with aging-related diseases via TLR4-dependent anti-inflammatory effects, its relationship with oxidative stress in aging remains to be elucidated. Exercise is proposed as the key intervention for health maintenance in the elderly. This study aimed to examine the association of PTX3 levels with changes in oxidative stress in both plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), following aerobic training in elderly adults. Nine trained and five controls participated in an eight-week aerobic training protocol. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analyses were used to determine PTX3, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and levels of oxidative stress biomarkers [3-nitrotyrosine (3NT), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl (PC), reactive oxygen/ nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)] in plasma and/or PBMCs. Results showed a down-regulation of PTX3 expression in PBMCs following aerobic training, along with decreased PTX3/TLR4 ratios. Oxidative stress responses in PBMCs remained unchanged with the exercise protocol. Comparable levels of plasma PTX3 and oxidative stress biomarkers were observed in trained vs. control groups. No correlation was found between PTX3 and any oxidative stress biomarkers following training. These findings demonstrated the down-regulation of PTX3 and PTX3/TLR4 ratio, irrespective of oxidative stress response, in elderly adults following eight weeks of aerobic training.

Creatine Supplementation, Physical Exercise and Oxidative Stress Markers: A Review of the Mechanisms and Effectiveness

“…Moreover, Done et al concluded that regular aerobic exercise increases resistance to oxidative stress [ 68 ]. Estébanez et al showed that aerobic exercise does not cause significant changes in the oxidative stress biomarkers among the elderly [ 69 ]. In addition, Leelarungrayub et al reported that moderate-intensity aerobic dance for six weeks could reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase total antioxidant capacity (TAC) among inactive women [ 70 ].…”

“…In general, moderate to intermittent ROS production during a short period of aerobic training program can activate signaling pathways that lead to cellular adaptation and protection against subsequent stresses. In contrast, moderate levels of ROS production over a long period of time (e.g., several hours) or high levels generated during high-intensity short-term training can lead to tissue and structural damage [ 69 ].…”

Pentraxin 3 Predicts Arteriovenous Fistula Functional Patency Loss and Mortality in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

“…Larsson et al [41] found that a 4-week lifestyle intervention aiming at increased physical activity and weight reduction is associated with a significantly decreased circulating PTX3 independent of CRP decrement. Another study conducted on elderly subjects also found that aerobic training for 8 weeks is associated with decreased plasma PTX levels [42]. These aforementioned therapeutic strategies might be able to modify PTX3 levels and improve patient outcomes in patients with AVF dysfunction, which deserves further trials.…”

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Dietary Supplementation and Lifestyle Factors

“…Seven of the empirical studies in this issue are related specifically to assessing outcomes following dietary consumption in human [16][17][18] and nonhuman [3,4,19,20] models, while three specifically consider the effects of an exercise intervention [21][22][23]. In the human models, interesting results are presented spanning the use of electrolyte-reduced water [16], the dietary correlates of mood across the menstrual cycle [17], and the links between ketogenic diet and microRNA-associated antioxidant status [18].…”

“…When considering the physical activity aspect of an individual's lifestyle, three investigations have examined responses after endurance-type exercise here, spanning acute single bouts (i.e., a 3 km running time trial [23] and a maximal running test [22]) to 16 weeks of regular cycling [21]. In a detailed multitarget urinary investigation, Tominaga and colleagues [23] identified multiple markers that changed in response to a time trial, which collectively helped identify potential noninvasive parameters that can be used to monitor responses to exercise.…”