Aerobic fitness, blood lipids, and body fat in children.

Hager, Ron; Tucker, Larry A.; Seljaas, Gary T.

doi:10.2105/ajph.85.12.1702

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In keeping with previous studies in children, the present investigation revealed moderate to strong correlations between fitness and fatness (17,20,39) and between fitness and CHD risk factors (5,33,39). However, the latter were strongly confounded by body fatness, whereas the more robust associations found between fatness and CHD risk factors proved to be independent of fitness and other potential confounders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Rather, factors affecting precursors of atherosclerosis are of paramount importance, because atherosclerosis is now established as a lifelong degenerative process (4) beginning in childhood. In this regard, our study, in keeping with others (5,17,18,20,33,39) indicates that high fatness rather than low fitness is related independently to poorer CHD risk factors status in children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In children and adolescents, however, these relationships appear to differ. Although higher levels of fitness are consistently associated with more favorable CHD risk factor profiles in children, several studies have indicated that such relationships may be mediated by body fatness rather than aerobic fitness per se (5,17,20,33,39). Because CHD is a lifelong process (4), such generational differences in the etiology of risk, if confirmed, would have major implications for risk reduction strategies employed at different stages of the life course.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fitness, fatness, and coronary heart disease risk in adolescents: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project

Boreham

Twisk

Murray

et al. 2001

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the independence and relative strengths of association between coronary heart disease (CHD) risk status and both body fatness and cardiorespiratory (C-R) fitness in 12-and 15-yr-old adolescents. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 1015 schoolchildren aged 12 and 15 yr (251 12-yr-old boys, 258 12-yr-old girls, 252 15-yr-old boys, and 254 15-yr-old girls), representing a 2% random sample of each population group. For each child, height, weight, sexual maturity (pubertal status), skin-fold thicknesses (4 sites), blood pressure (random zero sphygmomanometer), nonfasting serum total, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and C-R fitness (20-m shuttle run; 20-MST) were determined under standardized conditions. Socioeconomic status and habitual physical activity were also determined from questionnaire information. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to examine relationships between five CHD risk factors, and fitness and fatness and to examine the relative strengths of fitness and fatness on CHD risk status, correcting for potential confounding variables. Results: Our main findings were: 1) Relationships between fatness and CHD risk factors are invariably stronger than between fitness and the same risk factors. For example, partially adjusted standardized regression coefficients for 12-yr-old boys revealed significant relationships between all five CHD risk factors and fatness, compared with three of five for fitness. The corresponding figures for 12-yr-old girls were three of five (fatness) and one of five (fitness). Broadly similar results were apparent for 15-yr-olds. 2) Although relationships between fitness and CHD risk factors do not survive further adjustment for fatness, the relationships between fatness and CHD risk are more robust and are unaffected by further adjustment for fitness. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the observed relationships between C-R fitness and CHD risk status in adolescents are mediated by fatness, whereas the observed relationships with fatness are independent of fitness. Primary prevention of CHD during childhood should therefore concentrate upon preventing or reversing undue weight gain.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fitness, fatness, and coronary heart disease risk in adolescents: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project

Boreham

Twisk

Murray

et al. 2001

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[1][2][3][4] Among children and adolescents, higher levels of physical activity are associated with reduced risk of obesity, more favorable cardiovascular risk profiles, greater lean weight and bone mass, and enhanced psychological wellbeing. [5][6][7][8][9] Because of the immediate and likely long-term benefits of physical activity for young people, several organizations have issued guidelines on participation in physical activity for children and adolescents. The consensus recommendation is that young people should participate in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for at least 60 minutes on most days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Sixth-Grade Girls

Pate¹,

Stevens²,

Pratt³

et al. 2006

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When physical activity is measured objectively and a 4.6-metabolic equivalents cut point for moderate to vigorous physical activity is used, most sixth-grade girls do not meet guidelines for adequate physical activity. One notable finding was the effect of different accelerometer scoring protocols on estimates of compliance. Conceptual and empirical work is needed to define appropriate physical activity for youth using objective physical activity measures.

show abstract

“…This positive correlation was almost unchanged on adjustment for body weight (data not shown), suggesting an association between HDLC and physical activity. A number of other studies have reported associations between physical activity levels or aerobic ®tness and HDLC in school-age children, although it is unclear whether or not this association is independent of adiposity (Yamamoto et al, 1988;Macek et al, 1989;Hager et al, 1995;Simon et al, 1995). As far as we are aware no studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity levels and HDLC in pre-school children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Associations between dietary intakes and blood cholesterol concentrations at 31 months

Cowin

Emmett

2001

Eur J Clin Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The initial stages of atherosclerosis have been shown to occur in children as young as 3. Elevated total and LDL cholesterol concentrations and low HDL concentrations are a well-established risk factor for atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the dietary determinants of blood lipid concentrations at 31 months of age. Subjects: A randomly selected group of children (214 boys, 175 girls) in south-west England forming part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC) cohort. Design: Three-day dietary records were obtained at 18 months. At 31 months a non-fasting blood sample was taken and analysed for total and HDL cholesterol and triglyceride, and measures of height and weight were taken. Results: Among boys, total cholesterol concentrations were positively associated with the intake of total fat (r 0.209, P 0.002) and saturated fatty acids (r 0.211, P 0.002). Among girls, HDLC was positively associated with energy intake (r 0.204, P 0.018), and negatively associated with intakes of polyunsaturated fat, saturated fat and sugar in multivariate analysis. There were no associations between the intakes of non-starch polysaccharides (®bre) or dietary cholesterol and total or HDL cholesterol concentrations in either sex. Among boys, higher intakes of breakfast cereals were associated with lower total cholesterol (r À0.187, P 0.008). Among girls, higher intakes of biscuits and meat and meat products were associated with higher HDLC concentrations. Conclusions: These data suggest that the dietary determinants of blood lipid concentrations differ between boys and girls. Reducing saturated fat intake in boys would be likely to lead to an improvement in blood lipid pro®les. In this study there is no evidence to suggest that an increase in the intake of polyunsaturated fat by pre-school children would result in improved blood lipid pro®les.

show abstract

Aerobic fitness, blood lipids, and body fat in children.

Abstract: Public Health Briefs cholesterol and degree of fat unsaturation on plasma lipid levels, lipoprotein composition, and fecal steroid excretion in normal young adult men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985;42: 399-413. 43

Cited by 47 publications

References 41 publications

Fitness, fatness, and coronary heart disease risk in adolescents: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project

Fitness, fatness, and coronary heart disease risk in adolescents: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project

Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Sixth-Grade Girls

Associations between dietary intakes and blood cholesterol concentrations at 31 months

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About