Aerobic capacity and hematological response to exercise: A study on school-going regularly exercising boys in two different air pollution zones

Abstract

The study findings suggest that air pollution could have negative effects on the hematological profile of boys and longitudinal studies may be carried out for assessing its clinical importance.

Aerobic Capacity Response and Hematological Profile during Performing Physical Activity at Two Public Sport Venues with Different Air Pollution Concentrations

“…However, a higher concentration of white blood cells was found after the subjects engaged in physical activity at ITB sport venue. This result is in line with previous research which states that individuals who do physical activities with lower air pollution have a lower number of white blood cell than individuals who do it at a higher air pollution level (Das & Chatterjee, 2015;Jacobs et al, 2010;Kargarfard et al, 2011;Margolis, Manson, & Greenland, 2005). The increase of white blood cells, after performing physical activity in an environment exposed to a high PM2.5, might be due to the effect of PM2.5 which could damage the tissue of the body so that the body produces more antibodies in response to a high expo-sure to PM2.5.…”

“…Hematological parameters suggested that the significantly lower value of hemoglobin after exercise in high-polluted air might be due to a slight increase of blood volume after an exposure to higher levels of air pollutants. The results of our study are in line with previous studies which state that there was a decrease in hemoglobin after carrying out physical activity in a high air pollution condition (Das & Chatterjee, 2015;Davidson & Penney, 1988;Kargarfard et al, 2011). In addition, this study also found an increase of white blood cells in research subjects after doing physical activity in both public sport venues.…”

“…There is a scientific evidence regarding the harmful effects of air pollution on human health in the short term and the long term (Masih et al, 2020;Pope et al, 2004). Numerous epidemiological studies reveal the adverse effects of air pollution on cardiovascular health and fitness (Brook et al, 2015;Das & Chatterjee, 2015;Oliveira et al, 2006). Particular groups of people and ages are vulnerable to air pollution, which increases the mortality and morbidity of these vulnerable groups (Lee et al, 2012).…”

“…PM2.5 is another name for particulates with a size smaller than 2.5 μm or commonly called fine particles. Previous studies have concluded that a high PM2.5 concentration has an impact on the decreased performance of athletes when training or competing (Das & Chatterjee, 2015;Kargarfard, Poursafa, Rezanejad, & Mousavinasab, 2011). It is important to consider that a high air pollution concentration can have a negative impact on the health of human body.…”

Long-run health consequences of air pollution: Evidence from Indonesia's forest fires of 1997

“…With extra blood in the lungs, less is available to do the work of blood throughout the body, a condition apparent as reduced hemoglobin (Seaton et al 1999). While Kargarfard et al (2015) find no link between pollution and hemoglobin, several other studies have documented a short-term link between exposure to air pollution and decreased hemoglobin (Das and Chatterjee 2015;Nikolic et al 2008, Poursafa et al 2011, Seaton et al 1999). However, we are aware of no work that examines the pollution-hemoglobin relationship in the long term, and the most recent article we found, Das and Chatterjee (2015) calls for more longitudinal work on the subject.…”