“…In recent years, metabolic engineering production of many highvalue products, such as terpenoids (Leonard et al, 2010;Paddon et al, 2013), coumarins (Lin et al, 2013a(Lin et al, , 2013b, phenylpropanoic acids (Sun et al, 2016), monolignols (Chen et al, 2017), flavonoids (Leonard et al, 2006;Santos et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2016a), amino acids (Becker et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2010), isoprenes (Alper et al, 2005), alkanes (Choi and Lee, 2013), fatty acids , and other biofuels (Bhan et al, 2013;Yim et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2008) has been achieved. However, there is no natural and efficient pathway existing to achieve GA biosynthesis from simple carbon sources, primarily because no natural hydroxylase can catalyze 3,4dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) into GA.…”