Aerial Dissemination of Clostridium difficilespores

Roberts, Katherine; Smith, Caroline F; Snelling, Anna M.; Kerr, Kevin G.; Banfield, K.; Sleigh, Andrew; Beggs, Clive

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-7

Cited by 99 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Moreover, these small particles are usually only considered of concern where the pathogen is classed as possibly capable of direct airborne transmission, for example tuberculosis, measles or influenza. The deposition of culturable bioaerosols in this study adds support to the hypothesis that airborne dispersion may play a role in nonrespiratory infections such as MRSA and C. difficile [23,27], with surface contamination and subsequent contact by susceptible people resulting in transmission.…”

Section: Implications Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Bioaerosol deposition in single and two-bed hospital rooms: A numerical and experimental study

King

Noakes

Sleigh

et al. 2013

Building and Environment

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Abstract:Aerial dispersion of pathogenic microorganisms and subsequent contamination of surfaces is well recognised as a potential transmission route for hospital acquired infection. Simulation approaches such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are increasingly used to model Results for all layouts demonstrate that small particle bioaerosols are deposited throughout a room with no clear correlation between relative surface concentration and distance from the source. However, a physical partition separating patients is shown to be effective at reducing cross-contamination of neighbouring patient zones.

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Section: Implications Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Bioaerosol deposition in single and two-bed hospital rooms: A numerical and experimental study

King

Noakes

Sleigh

et al. 2013

Building and Environment

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“…Dos estudios han demostrado que esto es frecuente pero esporádico en pacientes con síntomas clínicos de las IACD 135 . Sin embargo, también se sugiere que de haber un mecanismo de ventilación, éste debe ser adecuado para evitar la transmisión horizontal de esporas por vía aérea, por ejemplo operar a baja velocidad a fi n de mantener un fl ujo laminar del aire que evita esta transmisión 136 . Sin embargo, faltan estudios para poder determinar las condiciones ideales de ventilación de habitaciones de pacientes con síntomas de IACD.…”

Section: Prevención De Iacdunclassified

Infecciones causadas por Clostridium difficile: una visión actualizada

Hernández-Rocha

Naour

Álvarez-Lobos

et al. 2012

Rev. chil. infectol.

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Clostridium diffi cile associated infections: an updated viewClostridium diffi cile is an emerging anaerobic, spore forming pathogen, recognized as the etiological agent of ~ 30% of antibiotic associated diarrheas. Clinical symptoms can fl uctuate from mild to moderate diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon. The incidence of C. diffi cile associated infections (CDAI) is ~ 1% of total hospitalized patients. CDAI has a mortality rate of ~1 to 5%, and a relapse rate of ~ 20%. The appearance of severe outbreaks of CDAI could be attributed to changes in the production of the two major virulence factors, the enterotoxins TcdA and TcdB, which produce massive epithelial damage. C. diffi cile spores play an essential role in transmission, initiation and persistence of CDAI. Recent advances in detection methods, development of novel therapies and prevention methods could allow a reduction on the frequency of CDAI. The objective of this review is to provide an updated view on the mechanisms of pathogenesis, epidemiology, risk factors, detection methods, treatment and prevention of CDAI.

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“…MRSA disseminates widely throughout the ward and is commonly found in dusty, inaccessible high surfaces. Clostridium difficile spores are thought to spread in the air and can be found near a patient carrying the organism (Roberts et al 2008). However, unlike MRSA, they are rarely isolated from air samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne transmission of disease in hospitals

Eames

Tang

et al. 2009

J. R. Soc. Interface.

164

125

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Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is an important public health issue with unacceptable levels of morbidity and mortality, over the last 5 years. Disease can be transmitted by air (over large distances), by direct/indirect contact or a combination of both routes. While contact transmission of disease forms the majority of HAI cases, transmission through the air is harder to control, but one where the engineering sciences can play an important role in limiting the spread. This forms the focus of this themed volume.In this paper, we describe the current hospital environment and review the contributions from microbiologists, mechanical and civil engineers, and mathematicians to this themed volume on the airborne transmission of infection in hospitals. The review also points out some of the outstanding scientific questions and possible approaches to mitigating transmission.

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Aerial Dissemination of Clostridium difficilespores

Cited by 99 publications

References 31 publications

Bioaerosol deposition in single and two-bed hospital rooms: A numerical and experimental study

Bioaerosol deposition in single and two-bed hospital rooms: A numerical and experimental study

Infecciones causadas por Clostridium difficile: una visión actualizada

Airborne transmission of disease in hospitals

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