Infecciones causadas por Clostridium difficile: una visión actualizada

Hernández-Rocha, Cristian; Naour, Sebastián; Álvarez-Lobos, Manuel; Paredes-Sabja, Daniel

doi:10.4067/s0716-10182012000400011

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…Two toxins, the TcdA enterotoxin and the TcdB cytotoxin (2), are responsible for the clinical manifestations of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI), which include a massive inflammatory response, recruitment of phagocytic cells, and pseudomembrane formation (2). The severity of CDI may vary from mild diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon, with a death rate that can reach 5% of the patients with a first episode of CDI (3). Unlike other nosocomial infections, CDI has a high level of recurrence which can reach 20% after a first episode and increase to up to 40% and 60% after a second and third recurrence, respectively (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Clostridium difficile Exosporium Cysteine (CdeC)-Rich Protein Is Required for Exosporium Morphogenesis and Coat Assembly

Barra-Carrasco¹,

Olguín-Araneda²,

Plaza-Garrido³

et al. 2013

Journal of Bacteriology

134

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Clostridium difficile is an important nosocomial pathogen that has become a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. There is a general consensus that C. difficile spores play an important role in C. difficile pathogenesis, contributing to infection, persistence, and transmission. Evidence has demonstrated that C. difficile spores have an outermost layer, termed the exosporium, that plays some role in adherence to intestinal epithelial cells. Recently, the protein encoded by CD1067 was shown to be present in trypsin-exosporium extracts of C. difficile 630 spores. In this study, we renamed the CD1067 protein Clostridium difficile exosporium cysteine-rich protein (CdeC) and characterized its role in the structure and properties of C. difficile spores. CdeC is expressed under sporulation conditions and localizes to the C. difficile spore. Through the construction of an ⌬cdeC isogenic knockout mutant derivative of C. difficile strain R20291, we demonstrated that (i) the distinctive nap layer is largely missing in ⌬cdeC spores; (ii) CdeC is localized in the exosporium-like layer and is accessible to IgGs; (iii) ⌬cdeC spores were more sensitive to lysozyme, ethanol, and heat treatment than wild-type spores; and (iv) despite the almost complete absence of the exosporium layer, ⌬cdeC spores adhered at higher levels than wild-type spores to intestinal epithelium cell lines (i.e., HT-29 and Caco-2 cells). Collectively, these results indicate that CdeC is essential for exosporium morphogenesis and the correct assembly of the spore coat of C. difficile.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clostridium difficile Exosporium Cysteine (CdeC)-Rich Protein Is Required for Exosporium Morphogenesis and Coat Assembly

Barra-Carrasco¹,

Olguín-Araneda²,

Plaza-Garrido³

et al. 2013

Journal of Bacteriology

134

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“…El grupo etario más afectado fue el de 65 o más años, con 62,1% de las muestras. El número de muestras en pacientes pediátricos fue muy inferior, con menos de 1% 10 .…”

Section: Epidemiologíaunclassified

“…Sus esporas son consideradas la fuente de transmisión, de infección y de persistencia en el colon del hospedero 10 . Entre los factores de virulencia, los dos más importantes son las toxinas A y B 2 , cuya información está contenida en una isla de patogenicidad donde se codifican los genes tcdA y tcdB de ambas toxinas, asociados a dos genes regulatorios (tcdC y tcdR) y al gen productor de porina que facilita la liberación de las toxinas (tcdE) 2,17 .…”

Section: Patogeniaunclassified

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Diarrea asociada a Clostridium difficile en niños

Rodríguez¹,

Cofré

2015

Rev. chil. infectol.

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“…Los principales antibacterianos utilizados en el tratamiento de las IACD son metronidazol, vancomicina y recientemente fidaxomicina 88 . Estudios in vitro han demostrado que, tanto metronidazol como vancomicina, no inhiben la formación de esporas de C. difficile 84,85 , lo que es consistente con las elevadas tasas de recurrencia de IACD observadas en estudios clínicos 89 .…”

Section: Resistencia De Esporas De C Difficile a Antimicrobianosunclassified

Esporas de Clostridium difficile y su relevancia en la persistencia y transmisión de la infección

Barra-Carrasco

Hernández-Rocha

Ibáñez

et al. 2014

Rev. chil. infectol.

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Clostridium difficile spores and its relevance in the persistence and transmission of the infection C. difficile is an anaerobic spore former pathogen and the most important etiologic agent of nosocomial and community acquired antibiotics associated diarrheas. C. difficile infections (CDI) are responsible for an elevated rate of morbidity in developed and developing countries. Although the major virulence factors responsible for clinical symptoms of CDI are the two toxins TcdA and TcdB, C. difficile spores are the main vehicle of infection, persistence and transmission of CDI. Recent work has unrevealed unique properties of C. difficile spores that make them remarkable morphotypes of persistence and transmission in the host, including their resistance to antibiotics, the host immune response and disinfectants. The present review summarizes relevant aspects of C. difficile spore biology that have major implications from a clinical and medical perspective.

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Infecciones causadas por Clostridium difficile: una visión actualizada

Cited by 14 publications

References 103 publications

The Clostridium difficile Exosporium Cysteine (CdeC)-Rich Protein Is Required for Exosporium Morphogenesis and Coat Assembly

The Clostridium difficile Exosporium Cysteine (CdeC)-Rich Protein Is Required for Exosporium Morphogenesis and Coat Assembly

Diarrea asociada a Clostridium difficile en niños

Esporas de Clostridium difficile y su relevancia en la persistencia y transmisión de la infección

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