Aeolian sediment transport on a beach: Surface moisture, wind fetch, and mean transport

Bauer, Bernard O.; Davidson‐Arnott, Robin; Hesp, Patrick A.; Namikas, Steven L.; Ollerhead, Jeff; Walker, Ian J.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.02.016

Cited by 218 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Plants growing in coastal habitats, especially those occupying rocky coasts, are frequently exposed to unpredictable disturbances as tempests (Bauer et al, 2009;Maun, 2009 Previous studied have also showed that chlorophyll fluorescence parameters are successful at detecting saltwater flooding stress (Naumann et al, 2008). In addition, our results showed that the negative effect of seawater submergence at physiological level (evidenced by the reduction of the photochemical efficiency) was transferred to a reduction in growth, linking physiological and morphological responses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Effects of fragmentation and seawater submergence on photochemical efficiency and growth in the clonal invader Carpobrotus edulis

Roiloa¹,

Retuerto

2016

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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Please cite this article as: Roiloa, Sergio R., Retuerto, Rubén, Effects of fragmentation and seawater submergence on photochemical efficiency and growth in the clonal invader Carpobrotus edulis.Flora http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora. 2016.10.002 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractClonal plants are frequently affected by process of disturbance as fragmentation. The capacity of these fragments to survive and grow after disturbance has important implications for the expansion of clonal plants, and could have special consequences for the colonization of new environments by invasive clonal species. Stolon internodes of clonal plants represent important reserve organs. These storage structures can play a crucial role in the survival and re-growth of clonal plants after an event of disturbance. In this study we simulated physical disturbance by fragmentation of clones of the stoloniferous invader Carpobrotus edulis into ramets with short and long stolon lengths, and a subsequent event of seawater submergence and de-submergence. Ramets with long stolons showed a significantly higher total biomass than ramets with short stolons, supporting the idea that stolon length is related with the amount of reserves stored and with the benefit reported in terms of growth. Our results showed that the benefit of having long stolons was also important for clonal fragments that suffered a process of seawater submergence. Our study suggests that the use of stolon as a source of resources can represent a suitable mechanism for colonization of coastal sand dunes by the aggressive invader C. edulis.3

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Effects of fragmentation and seawater submergence on photochemical efficiency and growth in the clonal invader Carpobrotus edulis

Roiloa¹,

Retuerto

2016

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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“…Davidson-Arnott et al, 2003Walker et al, 2003Walker et al, , 2006Hesp et al, 2005Hesp et al, , 2009Hesp et al, , 2013Bauer et al, 2009Bauer et al, , 2012Delgado-Fernandez and Davidson-Arnott, 2009;Hesp and Walker, 2012;Chapman et al, 2012Chapman et al, , 2013DelgadoFernandez et al, 2013;Ollerhead et al, 2013). The foredune crest is ~10 m above mean water level with a steep stoss slope (20°-25°) and an ENE-WSW crestline orientation.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Flow deflection over a foredune

et al. 2015

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Flow deflection of surface winds is common across coastal foredunes and blowouts. Incident winds approaching obliquely to the dune toe and crestline tend to be deflected towards a more crest-normal orientation across the stoss slope of the foredune. This paper examinesfield measurements for obliquely incident winds, and compares them to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of flow deflection in 10° increments from onshore (0°) to alongshore (90°) wind approach angles. The mechanics of flow deflection are discussed, followed by a comparative analysis of measured and modelled flow deflection data that shows strong agreement. CFD modelling of the full range of onshore to alongshore incident winds reveals that deflection of the incident wind flow is minimal at 0° and gradually increases as the incident wind turns towards 30° to the dune crest. The greatest deflection occurs between 30° and 70° incident to the dune crest. The degree of flow deflection depends secondarily on height above the dune surface, with the greatest effect near the surface and toward the dune crest. Topographically forced flow acceleration ("speed-up") across the stoss slope of the foredune is greatest for winds less than 30° (i.e., roughly perpendicular) and declines significantly for winds with more oblique approach angles. There is less lateral uniformity in the wind field when the incident wind approaches from >60° because the effect of aspect ratio on topographic forcing and streamline convergence is less pronounced.

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“…The impact of any potential changes in wind climate on the coastal dune fields in the region has not been considered in detail. A shift in dominant wind direction may have a significant impact on the delivery of sediment from the beach into the foredunes due to changes in sub-aerial fetch distance as a function of the local orientation of the coastline (Bauer et al 2009). For parts of the Dutch and Danish coastline that are aligned SW-NE, for example, a shift to more north-westerly storm winds may therefore result in comparatively shorter fetch distances and less opportunity for aeolian sand transport into the foredunes, as the north-westerly winds will be blowing more perpendicular to the coast.…”

Section: Wind Forcingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts—Coastal Ecosystems

Bakker

Baas

Bartholdy

et al. 2016

North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment

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This chapter examines the impacts of climate change on the natural coastal ecosystems in the North Sea region. These comprise sandy shores and dunes and salt marshes in estuaries and along the coast. The chapter starts by describing the characteristic geomorphological features of these systems and the importance of sediment transport. Consideration is then given to the role of bioengineering organisms in feedback relationships with substrate, how changes in physical conditions such as embankments affect coastal systems, and the effects of livestock. The effects of climate change-principally accelerated sea-level rise, and changes in the wind climate, temperature and precipitation-on these factors affecting coastal ecosystems are then discussed. Although the focus of this chapter is on the interaction of abiotic conditions and the vegetation, the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of plant species and on birds breeding in salt marshes is also addressed. Climate impacts on birds, mammals and fish species are covered in other chapters.

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Aeolian sediment transport on a beach: Surface moisture, wind fetch, and mean transport

Cited by 218 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of fragmentation and seawater submergence on photochemical efficiency and growth in the clonal invader Carpobrotus edulis

Effects of fragmentation and seawater submergence on photochemical efficiency and growth in the clonal invader Carpobrotus edulis

Flow deflection over a foredune

Environmental Impacts—Coastal Ecosystems

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