Adverse Health Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low-Level Cadmium in Foodstuffs and Cigarette Smoke

Satarug, Soisungwan; Moore, Michael R.

doi:10.1289/ehp.6751

Cited by 728 publications

(445 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In general population the primary sources of Cd are cigarette smoke, food, water and ambient air particularly in urban areas and in the vicinity of industrial settings [29,30]. About 10% of inhaled Cd is deposited in lung tissues and 30-40% is absorbed into blood [31]. Generally, Cd uptake in the gastrointestinal tract is 5-20% and depends on speciation of Cd, interactions between components in the diet affecting the bioavailability of Cd and the person's nutritional status.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium concentration in biological media of breast cancer patients

Strumylaitė

Boguševičius

Abdrachmanovas

et al. 2010

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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The study aimed to determine and compare cadmium (Cd) concentration in different biological media of breast cancer and benign breast tumor patients. Methods Concentration of Cd was determined in breast tissue, urine and blood of 57 breast cancer and 51 benign tumor patients. Two samples of breast tissue from each patient, i.e. tumor and healthy tissue were taken for the analysis. Cd in biological media was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (Perkin-Elmer, Zeeman 3030). Results The mean Cd concentration in breast cancer patients was 0.053 µg/g (95% CI=0.042-0.065) for tumor sample and 0.02 µg/g (95% CI=0.014-0.026) for healthy breast tissue sample (p<0.001). In benign tumor patients the figures were following: 0.037 µg/g (95% CI=0.023-0.051) and 0.032 µg/g (95% CI=0.018-0.047) (p>0.05). Cd content in malignant tumor significantly differed from that in benign tumor (p<0.01). Cancer patients with positive estrogenreceptors had significantly greater concentration of breast tissue Cd compared to patients with negative estrogenreceptors (p=0.035). Adjusted for creatinine Cd in urine was significantly higher in cancer patients than in controls (p<0.001). In cancer patients a positive Spearman's correlation was found between Cd in tumor and healthy breast tissue, blood (r=0.44 and r=0.39, respectively, p<0.01). Correlation between Cd in urine of cancer patients and number of cigarettes smoked during lifetime was suggestive (r=0.59, p=0.075). Conclusion The data obtained show higher concentration of cadmium in breast tumor and urine of cancer patients and support a possible relationship between cadmium and breast cancer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium concentration in biological media of breast cancer patients

Strumylaitė

Boguševičius

Abdrachmanovas

et al. 2010

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…For example, in female rats exposed to environmentally relevant doses, Cd induced well-characterized responses similar to E 2 , such as uterine weight and growth and development of the mammary glands, and it also induced expression of E 2 -regulated genes in MCF-7 cells (Stoica et al 2000;Choe et al 2003;Johnson et al 2003;Martin et al 2003;Brama et al 2006). Cd was suspected to add to the estrogenic burden of the human breast, and a role in breast cancer has been proposed (Garcia-Morales et al 1994; Satarug and Moore 2004;McElroy et al 2006). Consequently, it has been classified as a carcinogen in humans (Waalkes 2003;Waisberg et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Hsp22 (HspB8) by estrogen and the metalloestrogen cadmium in estrogen receptor– positive breast cancer cells

et al. 2007

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Estrogen (E 2 ) plays a critical role in the etiology and progression of human breast cancer. The estrogenic response is complex and not completely understood, including in terms of the involved responsive genes. Here we show that Hsp22 (synonyms: HspB8, E2IG1, H11), a member of the small heat shock protein (sHSP) superfamily, was induced by E 2 in estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells, resulting in an elevated Hsp22 protein level, whereas it was not induced in estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. This induction was prevented by the pure anti-estrogen ICI182780 (faslodex, fulvestrant), whereas tamoxifen, a substance with mixed estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties, had no major inhibitory effect on this induction, nor did it induce Hsp22 on its own. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant with estrogenic properties (metalloestrogen) that has been implicated in breast cancer. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with Cd also resulted in induction of Hsp22, and this induction was also inhibited by ICI182780. In live MCF-7 cells, Hsp22 interacted at the level of dimers with Hsp27, a related sHSP, as was shown by quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements. In cytosolic extracts of MCF-7 cells, most of the E 2 -and Cd-induced Hsp22 was incorporated into high-molecular mass complexes. In part, Hsp22 and Hsp27 were components of distinct populations of these complexes. Finally, candidate elements in the Hsp22 promoter were identified by sequence analysis that could account for the induction of Hsp22 by E 2 and Cd. Taken together, Hsp22 induction represents a new aspect of the estrogenic response with potential significance for the biology of estrogen receptorpositive breast cancer cells.

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“…The Cd is the best studied metal from cigarette smoke, and smoking is the main source of Cd intake by humans. Although the Cd amounts varied, the average Cd content per cigarette lies between 0.5 and 1.5 μg/cigarette (Satarug and Moore 2004). The Pb may also be present in high concentrations in tobacco smoke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of toxic elements in the samples of different cigarettes and their effect on the essential elemental status in the biological samples of Irish smoker rheumatoid arthritis consumers

Afridi

Talpur

Kazi

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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Cigarette smoking interferes with the metal homeostasis of the human body, which plays a crucial role for maintaining the health. A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. In the present study, the relationship between toxic element (TE) exposure via cigarette smoking and rheumatoid arthritis incidence in population living in Dublin, Ireland, is investigated. The trace {zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se)} and toxic elements arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) were determined in biological (scalp hair and blood) samples of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, who are smokers living in Dublin, Ireland. These results were compared with age and sex-matched healthy, nonsmoker controls. The different brands of cigarette (filler tobacco, filter, and ash) consumed by the studied population were also analyzed for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb. The concentrations of trace and TEs in biological samples and different components of cigarette were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked using certified reference materials. The recovery of all the studied elements was found to be in the range of 96.4-99.8 % in certified reference materials. The filler tobacco of different branded cigarettes contains Hg, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in the ranges of 9.55-12.4 ng, 0.432-0.727 μg, 1.70-2.12 μg, and 0.378-1.16 μg/cigarette, respectively. The results of this study showed that the mean values of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were significantly higher in scalp hair and blood samples of rheumatoid arthritis patients as compare to healthy controls, while Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se concentrations were found to be lower in rheumatoid arthritis patients, the difference was significant in the case of smoker patients (p<0.001). The levels of four toxic elements were 2-3-folds higher in scalp hair and blood samples of nonrheumatoid arthritis smoker subjects as compared to nonsmoker controls. The high exposure of toxic metals as a result of cigarette smoking may be synergistic with risk factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

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Adverse Health Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low-Level Cadmium in Foodstuffs and Cigarette Smoke

Cited by 728 publications

References 51 publications

Cadmium concentration in biological media of breast cancer patients

Cadmium concentration in biological media of breast cancer patients

Induction of Hsp22 (HspB8) by estrogen and the metalloestrogen cadmium in estrogen receptor– positive breast cancer cells

Estimation of toxic elements in the samples of different cigarettes and their effect on the essential elemental status in the biological samples of Irish smoker rheumatoid arthritis consumers

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