Adverse effects of coexistence of sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome in Japanese women

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Little information is available regarding the interactions of sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the risks of these age-associated diseases in women. The present cross-sectional study was performed to investigate whether the coexistence of sarcopenia and MetS further increases the risks of lifestyle-related diseases in Japanese women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Healthy Japanese women (n ¼ 533) aged 30-84 participated in this study. MetS was defined as higher body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, systolic or diastolic blood pressure and blood lipid abnormalities. Appendicular muscle mass and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The criterion of low muscle mass and strength defined median skeletal muscle index (appendicular muscle mass/height 2 , kg/m 2 ) and handgrip strength. RESULTS: Two-way ANCOVA with adjustment for age, body fat percentage and whole-body lean tissue mass indicated that sarcopenia and MetS interacted to produce a significant effect on HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in Japanese women. The systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were significantly higher in women with coexisting sarcopenia and MetS than in healthy controls or in those with sarcopenia or MetS alone. The HbA1c in the coexisting sarcopenia and MetS group was higher than in healthy controls and sarcopenia subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of sarcopenia and MetS further increases the risks of cardiovascular diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, arterial stiffness and hyperlipidemia even adjustment of age and body composition in adult Japanese women.

Association between skeletal muscle mass and insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…The relationship between AMM and age and that between SMI and sevlevels in individuals 60 years or older, as well as with adverse glucose metabolism, regardless of obesity, in all individuals, and this association was the strongest in individuals under 60 years of age [7]. In a study of Japanese women, the HbA1c level in those with coexisting sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome was found to be higher than that in healthy controls or those with sarcopenia alone, suggesting that a high HbA1c level increases the risk of cardiovascular disease [8].…”

Associations of low muscle mass and the metabolic syndrome in Caucasian and Asian middle-aged and older adults

“…Increased prevalence of MetS in sarcopenic individuals is concerning given that a Japanese study in older women has reported that the combination of the two conditions is associated with higher systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and ankle-brachial pulse wave velocity, suggesting that those with coexisting sarcopenia and MetS are at further increased risk for cardiovascular disease than those with MetS or sarcopenia alone (29). Furthermore, like sarcopenia, MetS may be an independent risk factor for osteoporosis (30), and incident mobility limitations (31).…”

Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity

“…Low muscle mass is related to cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension and arterial stiffness [36,37]. The coexistence of sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome further aggravates the risk of cardiovascular risk factors such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in adult Japanese women [38]. Previous prospective studies have consistently shown a relationship between low muscle mass or muscle strength and an increased risk of mortality [39-41].…”