Associations of low muscle mass and the metabolic syndrome in Caucasian and Asian middle-aged and older adults

Scott, David; Park, M. S.; Kim, T. N.; Ryu, Jee-Youl; Hong, Ho Cheol; Yoo, Hye Jin; Baik, Sei-Hyun; Jones, Graeme; Choi, Kyung Mook

doi:10.1007/s12603-015-0559-z

Cited by 59 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Low ALM/BMI has also been associated with mortality, but it may be possibly explained by factors that are different than those explaining the association between low ALMI and mortality. For example, a cross‐sectional study in Australian ( n = 1005, mean age 62) and Korean ( n = 376, mean age 58) cohorts showed greater likelihood of having the metabolic syndrome attributed to higher waist circumference, blood pressure, and triglycerides in participants with lower ALM/BMI, while opposite results were observed for sarcopenia as defined by low ALMI (kg/ht 2 ) . The presence of chronic diseases may describe the association between low ALM/BMI and mortality reported by Balogun et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…For example, a cross-sectional study in Australian (n = 1005, mean age 62) and Korean (n = 376, mean age 58) cohorts showed greater likelihood of having the metabolic syndrome attributed to higher waist circumference, blood pressure, and triglycerides in participants with lower ALM/BMI, while opposite results were observed for sarcopenia as defined by low ALMI (kg/ht 2 ). 59 The presence of chronic diseases may describe the association between low ALM/BMI and mortality reported by Balogun et al as results were only adjusted for age. 58 Contrastingly, in other clinical conditions such as cancer or hospitalization, higher fat mass and normal ALM as observed with the FNIH criteria may confer a survival benefit.…”

Section: Other Health Implications Of Low Appendicular Lean Mass: Illmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Physical function‐derived cut‐points for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and dynapenia from the Canadian longitudinal study on aging

Tessier

Wing

Rahme

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Aging is associated with sarcopenia (low muscle mass) and dynapenia (low muscle strength) leading to disability and mortality. Widely used previous cut‐points for sarcopenia were established from dated, small, or pooled cohorts. We aimed to identify cut‐points of low strength as a determinant of impaired physical performance and cut‐points of low appendicular lean mass (ALM) as a predictor of low strength in a single, large, and contemporary cohort of community‐dwelling older adults and compare these criteria with others. Methods Cross‐sectional analyses were conducted on baseline data from 4725 and 4363 community‐dwelling men and women (65–86 years, 96.8% Caucasian) of the Canadian longitudinal study on aging comprehensive cohort. Physical performance was evaluated from gait speed, timed up‐and‐go, chair rise, and balance tests; a weighted‐sum score was computed using factor analysis. Strength was measured by handgrip dynamometry; ALM, by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and ALM index (ALMI; kg/m2), was calculated. Classification and regression tree analyses determined optimal sex‐specific cut‐points of ALMI predicting low strength and of strength predicting impaired physical performance (score < 1.5 SD below the sex‐specific mean). Results Modest associations were found between ALMI and strength and between strength and physical performance score in both sexes. ALMI was not an independent predictor of physical performance score. Cut‐points of <33.1 and <20.4 kg were found to define dynapenia in men and in women, respectively, corresponding to 21.5% and 24.0% prevalence rates. Sarcopenia cut‐points were <7.76 kg/m2 in men and <5.72 kg/m2 in women; prevalence rates of 21.7% and 13.7%. Overall, 8.3% of men and 5.5% of women had sarco‐dynapenia. Sarcopenic were older and had lower fat mass and body mass index (BMI) than non‐sarcopenic participants. While the agreement between current criteria and the updated European Working Group for Sarcopenia in Older Persons recommendations was fair, we found only slight agreement with the Foundation for the National Institute of Health sarcopenia project. Older persons identified with sarcopenia as per the Foundation for the National Institute of Health criteria (using ALM/BMI as the index) have higher BMI and fat mass compared with non‐sarcopenic and have normal ALMI as per our criteria. Conclusions The proposed function‐derived cut‐points established from this single, large, and contemporary Canadian cohort should be used for the identification of sarcopenia and dynapenia in Caucasian older adults. We advise on using criteria based on ALMI in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. The modest agreement between sarcopenia and dynapenia denotes potential distinct health implications justifying to study both components separately.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Other Health Implications Of Low Appendicular Lean Mass: Illmentioning

confidence: 96%

Physical function‐derived cut‐points for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and dynapenia from the Canadian longitudinal study on aging

Tessier

Wing

Rahme

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…Interestingly, after our further analysis (data not shown), the findings regarding relationships among weight‐adjusted TSM/leg LBM indices and elevated BP and hypertension were conflicting with and without further adjustment for body fat mass and central fat distribution. This might also explain why, in some previous studies, the percentage of LBM seems to be a protective factor for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease or risk factors, if fat mass and fat distribution are not controlled for . From a mathematical point of view, elevated percentages of TSM or LBM were derived from not only increased absolute TSM or LBM but also decreased body fat mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Associations of Body Composition with Blood Pressure and Hypertension

Zhu

Chen

et al. 2018

Obesity

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Objective The present study investigated the associations of body composition, including skeletal muscle and fat mass, with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. Methods Data from 3,130 participants aged 18 to 80 years were analyzed. Body composition and total skeletal muscle (TSM) were measured or calculated based on dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of TSM, body fat percentage, android to gynoid fat ratio, and leg and arm lean body mass (LBM) with BP and hypertension. The Wald test was used to estimate the differences in the coefficients. Results TSM indices, body fat percentage, and android to gynoid fat ratio were significantly associated with higher odds ratio for prehypertension and hypertension, except for TSM/weight, after controlling for potential confounders. The standardized beta coefficients of arm LBM indices for systolic and diastolic BP were higher than relevant indices of leg LBM. Conclusions Different indices of TSM, especially in arm LBM, were all positively associated with elevated BP, prehypertension, and hypertension in Chinese adults, after considering potential confounding factors, including body fat and fat distribution. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

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“…reported that incident disability and mortality are associated with sarcopenia, as defined by the FNIH criteria, in elderly Australian men 14 . In our collaborative study with Australian researchers, appendicular lean mass normalized to BMI was differentially associated with metabolic syndrome, according to ethnicity 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Comparisons of three different methods for defining sarcopenia: An aspect of cardiometabolic risk

Kim

Park

Lee

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Appraisal of muscle mass is important when considering the serious consequences of sarcopenia in an aging society. However, the associations between sarcopenia and its clinical outcomes might vary according to the method applied in its diagnosis. We compared the relationships between cardiometabolic risk parameters and sarcopenia defined according to three different diagnostic methods using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT). Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) adjusted by height squared and BMI (ASM/height2 and ASM/BMI) measured using DXA and thigh muscle cross-sectional area (tmCSA) adjusted by weight (tmCSA/weight) measured using CT were used as indices of muscle mass. Sarcopenia was defined as two standard deviations below either the mean ASM/height2, ASM/BMI, or tmCSA/weight of a young reference group. ASM/BMI and tmCSA/weight showed a negative relationship with several components of metabolic syndrome and HOMA-IR, whereas ASM/height2 was positively associated with theses cardiometabolic risk factors. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that ASM/BMI-defined sarcopenia was significantly associated with increased HOMA-IR (P = 0.01) and prevalence of visceral obesity (P = 0.03) and metabolic syndrome (P = 0.025), while ASM/height2- and tmCSA/weight-defined sarcopenia were not. ASM/BMI-defined sarcopenia exhibits a closer relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors than does ASM/height2- or tmCSA/weight-defined sarcopenia.

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Associations of low muscle mass and the metabolic syndrome in Caucasian and Asian middle-aged and older adults

Cited by 59 publications

References 34 publications

Physical function‐derived cut‐points for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and dynapenia from the Canadian longitudinal study on aging

Physical function‐derived cut‐points for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and dynapenia from the Canadian longitudinal study on aging

Associations of Body Composition with Blood Pressure and Hypertension

Comparisons of three different methods for defining sarcopenia: An aspect of cardiometabolic risk

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