Adverse Childhood Experiences Affect Health Risk Behaviors and Chronic Health of Iowans

Downey, Jacy C.; Gudmunson, Clinton G.; Pang, Yuk C.; Lee, Kyuho

doi:10.1007/s10896-017-9909-4

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…RRs, HRs, or ORs were extracted at each available ACE count level (adjusted for demographics and socioeconomic status where available; table 1). [3][4][5][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] All articles reported some sociodemographic adjustments and adjusted ORs were transformed into RRs by use of the equation: RR=OR/(1 − p 0 + [p 0 × OR]), where p o is the baseline risk in the absence of ACEs. 37 Adjusted positive and negative counts by condition and ACE category were also generated for use in the meta-analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bellis

Hughes

Ford

et al. 2019

The Lancet Public Health

649

534

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Background An increasing number of studies are identifying associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and ill health throughout the life course. We aimed to calculate the proportions of major risk factors for and causes of ill health that are attributable to one or multiple types of ACE and the associated financial costs. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched for studies in which risk data in individuals withACEs were compared with these data in those without ACEs. We searched six electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Criminal Justice Databases, and the Education Resources Information Center) for quantitative studies published between Jan 1, 1990, and July 11, 2018, that reported risks of health-related behaviours and causes of ill health in adults that were associated with cumulative measures of ACEs (ie, number of ACEs). We included studies in adults in populations that did not have a high risk of ACEs, that had sample sizes of at least 1000 people, and that provided ACE prevalence data. We calculated the pooled RR for risk factors (harmful alcohol use, illicit drug use, smoking, and obesity) and causes of ill health (cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, anxiety, and depression) associated with ACEs. RRs were used to estimate the population-attributable fractions (PAFs) of risk attributable to ACEs and the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and financial costs associated with ACEs. This study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018090356). FindingsOf 4387 unique articles found following our initial search, after review of the titles (and abstracts, when the title was relevant), we assessed 880 (20%) full-text articles. We considered 221 (25%) full-text articles for inclusion, of which 23 (10%) articles met all selection criteria for our meta-analysis. We found a pooled prevalence of 23·5% of individuals (95% CI 18·7-28·5) with one ACE and 18·7% (14·7-23·2) with two or more ACEs in Europe (from ten studies) and of 23·4% of individuals (22·0-24·8) with one ACE and 35·0% (31·6-38·4) with two or more ACEs in north America (from nine studies). Illicit drug use had the highest PAFs associated with ACEs of all the risk factors assessed in both regions (34·1% in Europe; 41·1% in north America). In both regions, PAFs of causes of ill health were highest for mental illness outcomes: ACEs were attributed to about 30% of cases of anxiety and 40% of cases of depression in north America and more than a quarter of both conditions in Europe. Costs of cardiovascular disease attributable to ACEs were substantially higher than for most other causes of ill health because of higher DALYs for this condition. Total annual costs attributable to ACEs were estimated to be US$581 billion in Europe and $748 billion in north America. More than 75% of these costs arose in individuals with two or more ACEs.Interpretation Millions of adults across Europe and north America live with a legacy of ACEs. Our fi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bellis

Hughes

Ford

et al. 2019

The Lancet Public Health

649

534

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additional limitations inherent to the investigation of ACE include the use of retrospective information, with the increased possibility of recall biases, especially if we consider the emotionally distressing nature of such experiences (Afifi et al, 2016;Downey, Gudmunson, Pang, & Lee, 2017;Goodwin & Wamboldt, 2012). Another issue to be considered is that almost all studies were conducted in Europe and North America, where better socio-economic and educational conditions reflect on the prevalence and impact of ACE (Abramovay, Castro, Pinheiro, Lima, & Matinelli, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences and chronic lung diseases in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lopes

Jec

Sousa

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) affect physical and mental health and may appear as risk factors for the development of different conditions in adult life. Objective: To perform a literature review and meta-analysis on risk indicators for the development of chronic lung diseases in adulthood associated with ACE. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using the online databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Quantitative studies involving male and female adults were included. Fixed-and random-effect models were used in the estimation of meta-analytical measures. The heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I 2 statistics and Cochran's Q test. Results: A total of 19 studies were selected for the meta-analysis. The analyses showed statistically significant associations between ACE and lung diseases in general (OR = 1.41; CI 95%: 1.28-1.54), besides specific associations with asthma (OR = 1.32; CI 95%: 1.13-1.50) and COPD (OR = 1.44; CI 95%: 1.13-1.76). When the mediating effect of smoking was assessed separately we found a significantalthough not quite expressiveassociation (OR = 1.06; CI 95%: 1.02 to 1.10), which weakens the hypothesis that a direct relationship exists between childhood trauma and the occurrence of lung diseases. Conclusions: ACE are an important risk factor for the development of lung diseases in adulthood, whether through direct or indirect contribution to this outcome, which highlights the relevance of increasing the awareness of health staff for the early detection and intervention in situations of vulnerability or risk in childhood as an important preventative measure.

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“…Furthermore, in more severe cases, physical violence can result in loss of memory, permanent brain damage, mental disorders, suicidal tendencies and premature death of the victims (Bicakci 2016;Mills et al 2013). The negative impacts of emotional violence has also been reported to result in debilitating long term consequences such as self-inflected harm, hyper-and high-risk sexuality, intimate partner violence (IPV), impulsivity, substance use, low self-esteem, impaired cognitive capacity, emotional upset, fear and post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide ideation and attempts (Downey et al 2017;Fang and Corso 2008;Fang et al 2015;Herrenkohl et al 2013).…”

Section: Violence Against Children and Human Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence against Children and Human Capital in South Africa

et al. 2018

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This is the first study in Africa to investigate the association of violence against children with human capital development, including short and long term health and educational outcomes in South Africa. Method: Hypotheses were tested by applying logistic regressions, zero inflated poisson regressions and linear regressions with a large and representative sample of adolescents from the Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS). Household fixed effects model and treatment-effects model were performed to check the robustness of the results. Results: Analyses indicate that 58% of adolescents in South Africa have experienced physical or emotional violence in childhood. All forms of violence, especially physical violence, are associated with adverse physical and mental health, poorer academic achievement and lower education level of the victims in both the short and long term. Adolescent males who have experienced violence in childhood are more likely to report poorer educational outcomes and long term physical health, while female victims are at higher risk of mental illness. Conclusions: The findings provide support for the negative effects of violence against children on health and educational outcomes, which lead to increasing inequalities that impact on the future development of South Africa. Urgent violence against children prevention programming is needed alongside health and educational initiatives in the country.

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Adverse Childhood Experiences Affect Health Risk Behaviors and Chronic Health of Iowans

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Adverse childhood experiences and chronic lung diseases in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Violence against Children and Human Capital in South Africa

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