Advection and diffusion of Indonesian Throughflow Water within the Indian Ocean South Equatorial Current

Gordon, Arnold L.; Ma, Shubin; Olson, Donald B.; Hacker, Peter; Ffield, Amy; Talley, Lynne D.; Wilson, DW; Baringer, Molly O.

doi:10.1029/97gl01061

Cited by 101 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…ITF transport estimates range from near zero to 30 Sv (see the review of Godfrey (1996) and subsequent papers: Molcard et al, 1996;Gordon et al, 1997;Potemra et al, 1997;Schneider and Barnett, 1997;Shriver and Hurlburt, 1997;Gordon and McClean, 1999;Molcard et al, 2001). Model research suggests that the ITF is a response to the large-scale wind field over the Pacific Ocean and the longshore wind component along western Australia (the Island Rule; e.g., Godfrey, 1989Godfrey, , 1996Godfrey and Ridgway, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The heat transport of the Indonesian Throughflow and implications for the Indian Ocean heat budget

Vranes

Gordon

Ffield

2002

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is considered central to the heat budgets of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Temperature and ocean current time series obtained within the Makassar Strait from December 1996 to early July 1998 are used to calculate heat transport of the ITF and assess its influence on Indian Ocean heat divergence. Velocity and temperature values for the surface layer that were not directly measured are extrapolated from the shallowest measurement to the sea surface using a variety of model profiles. While a single temperature profile is used based on a linear interpolation from NCEP OI sea-surface temperatures to the top-most mooring temperature recorder, four different velocity profiles are employed. Heat transport is calculated as volume transport multiplied by temperature, density and specific heat, using reference temperatures between 01C and 41C. The mean heat transport averages 0.55 PW relative to 01C, and 0.41 PW relative to 41C for the two most reasonable velocity profiles. In comparison, model heat transport values are larger, between 0.6 and 1.15 PW. Heat transport varies with ENSO phase, lower during El Ni * no, higher during La Ni * na. As 1997 was a strong El Ni * no year, our heat transport estimate may be less than the climatic mean. The ITF water is advected towards Africa within the Indian Ocean South Equatorial Current, to eventually exit the Indian Ocean across 301S, most likely within the Agulhas Current. For realistic consideration of the ITF component within the Agulhas Current, the heat flux divergence of ITF waters within the Indian Ocean north of 301S is found to be insignificant. Our results provide support for model studies and hydrographic geostrophic inverse calculations that indicate the ITF heat, derived from the Pacific Ocean, is ultimately lost to the atmosphere in the southwest Indian Ocean. r

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The heat transport of the Indonesian Throughflow and implications for the Indian Ocean heat budget

Vranes

Gordon

Ffield

2002

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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“…Pumice from both Krakatau and YTT, after reaching the sea, might have started moving in the South Java Current which gets stronger with the Indonesian Throughflow water coming from the Pacific. The Indonesian Throughflow joins the South Equatorial Current (SEC) and increases it`s moment westward (Gordon et al, 1997) and brings it to the CIOB (Fig.7). Frick and Kent (1984) reported the 1883 Krakatau pumice along Madagascar, South Africa and other Indian Ocean coasts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Drift pumice in the Central Indian Ocean Basin: Geochemical evidence

Pattan

Mudholkar

Sankar

et al. 2008

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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Abundant white to light grey coloured pumice without ferromanganese oxide coating occurs within the Quaternary sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin. Two distinct groups of pumice are identified from their geochemical composition, which allow one to define two different origins linked to two separate eruptions. One group of pumice is a dacitic type characterized by high Fe, Ti, Mg, Al and Ca with comparatively low contents of Si, rare earth elements (Σ REE-69 ppm), Rb, Sr, U, Th, Ba, V, Nb, Sc, Mo and Co which strongly suggest an origin from the 1883 Krakatau eruption. The other group is rhyolitic and is characterized by low contents of Fe, Ti, Mg and Ca and high Si , ΣREE content (121 ppm), Rb, Sr, U, Th, Ba, V, Nb, Mo, Co, and Sc and correlates well with the composition of the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) eruption of ~ 74 ka from Northern Sumatra and is being reported for the first time. Therefore, correlation of the pumice to the 1883 Krakatau and YTT eruptions indicates that the pumice drifted to the Central Indian Ocean Basin and eventually sank when it became waterlogged. However, physical properties such as density, specific gravity, porosity and degree of saturation required for sinking of pumice for both 1883 Krakatau and YTT are almost similar.

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“…This is caused not only by monsoonal windinduced upwelling, but also by very strong tidal forces (Ffield and Gordon 1996;Gordon et al 1997;Gordon 2005;Koch-Larrouy et al 2008), especially along some of the narrow straits between several islands. As a consequence, these phenomena induce isohaline profiles as documented by Sprintall et al (2014) which affect seaair interactions and atmospheric convection to very high altitudes (see also Jochum and Potemra 2008).…”

Section: Water Masses Mixing During the Throughflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool: critical to world oceanography and world climate

De Deckker

2016

Geosci. Lett.

126

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The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool holds a unique place on the globe. It is a large area [>30 × 10 6 km 2 ] that is characterised by permanent surface temperature >28 °C and is therefore called the 'heat engine' of the globe. High convective clouds which can reach altitudes up to 15 km generate much latent heat in the process of convection and this area is therefore called the 'steam engine' of the world. Seasonal and contrasting monsoonal activity over the region is the cause for a broad seasonal change of surface salinities, and since the area lies along the path of the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt, it is coined the 'dilution' basin due to the high incidence of tropical rain and, away from the equator, tropical cyclones contribute to a significant drop in sea water salinity. Discussion about what may happen in the future of the Warm Pool under global warming is presented together with a description of the Warm Pool during the past, such as the Last Glacial Maximum when sea levels had dropped by ~125 m. A call for urgent monitoring of the IPWP area is justified on the grounds of the significance of this area for global oceanographic and climatological processes, but also because of the concerned threats to human population living there.

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Advection and diffusion of Indonesian Throughflow Water within the Indian Ocean South Equatorial Current

Cited by 101 publications

References 23 publications

The heat transport of the Indonesian Throughflow and implications for the Indian Ocean heat budget

The heat transport of the Indonesian Throughflow and implications for the Indian Ocean heat budget

Drift pumice in the Central Indian Ocean Basin: Geochemical evidence

The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool: critical to world oceanography and world climate

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