Advantages of high frequency PWM in AC motor drive applications

Abstract

There are many advantages of using high frequency PWM (in the range of 50 to 100 kHz) in motor drive applications. High motor efficiency, fast control response, lower motor torque ripple, close to ideal sinusoidal motor current waveform, smaller filter size, lower cost filter, etc. are a few of the advantages. However, higher frequency PWM is also associated with severe voltage reflection and motor insulation breakdown issues at the motor terminals. If standard Si IGBT based inverters are employed, losses in the switches make it difficult to overcome significant drop in efficiency of converting electrical power to mechanical power. Work on SiC and GaN based inverter has progressed and variable frequency drives (VFDs) can now be operated efficiently at carrier frequencies in the 50 to 200 kHz range, using these devices. Using soft magnetic material, the overall efficiency of filtering can be improved. The switching characteristics of SiC and GaN devices are such that even at high switching frequency, the turn on and turn off losses are minimal. Hence, there is not much penalty in increasing the carrier frequency of the VFD. Losses in AC motors due to PWM waveform are significantly reduced. All the above features put together improves system efficiency. This paper presents results obtained on using a 6-in-1 GaN module for VFD application, operating at a carrier frequency of 100 kHz with an output sine wave filter. Experimental results show the improvement in motor efficiency and system efficiency on using a GaN based VFD in comparison to the standard Si IGBT based VFD.

Design considerations for wide bandgap based motor drive systems

“…SiC diodes are offered from several companies along with controllable switching devices such as MOSFETs [15], [16] and JFETs [17]. GaN devices are offered as high electron mobility transistor (HEMTs) [18] or cascode configurations [10]. In the later, an enhancement mode Si device is connected in series with depletion mode GaN device.…”

Design of 400V class inverter drive using SiC 6-in-1 power module

“…An output sine wave filter based on the methodology detailed in reference [3], is designed. The schematic of the output LC filter is shown in Fig.…”

“…Motor efficiency improves because iron loss is reduced due to lower PWM ripple components [1][2]. Drive efficiency decreases but total system efficiency increases [3]. High PWM frequency is also preferred to stabilize output current in high speed applications such as spindle drives and turbo compressors [4].…”

Fictitious Reference Iterative Tuning-Based Two-Degrees-of-Freedom Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Speed Control Using FPGA for a High-Frequency SiC MOSFET InverterMOSFET Inverter

“…High-switching frequency operation can be achieved using the SiC MOSFET because of its superior material characteristics [1][2][3][4]. Variable-frequency drives (VFDs) can be operated efficiently at carrier frequencies in the 50 to 200 kHz range when using this device [5]. PI-P controller is feedback-type (FB-type) 2DOF control system.…”

“…High-responsivity and optimal disturbance rejection can be achieved using the 2DOF control system with high-frequency PWM. There are many advantages to using high-frequency PWM (in the 50 to 100 kHz range) in motor drive applications, including high motor efficiency, fast control response, reduced motor torque ripple, near-ideal sinusoidal motor current waveforms, reduced filter sizes and lower filter costs [5].…”