Advantages of collecting multiple urinary iodine concentrations when assessing iodine status of a population

Samidurai, A. J.; Ware, Robert S.; Davies, P. S. W.

doi:10.1111/apa.13168

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In order to combat the re-emergence of deficiency, mandatory fortification of all commercially-produced yeast-leavened bread, excluding organic bread, with iodized salt was implemented in 2009 [ 21 ]. Studies conducted post-fortification utilizing spot urine samples, including the 2011–2013 Australian Health Survey (AHS), have reported an improvement in iodine status among children and adults, when compared to pre-fortification [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Intakes of Victorian Schoolchildren Measured Using 24-h Urinary Iodine Excretion

et al. 2017

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Mandatory fortification of bread with iodized salt was introduced in Australia in 2009, and studies using spot urine collections conducted post fortification indicate that Australian schoolchildren are now replete. However an accurate estimate of daily iodine intake utilizing 24-h urinary iodine excretion (UIE μg/day) has not been reported and compared to the estimated average requirement (EAR). This study aimed to assess daily total iodine intake and status of a sample of primary schoolchildren using 24-h urine samples. Victorian primary school children provided 24-h urine samples between 2011 and 2013, from which urinary iodine concentration (UIC, μg/L) and total iodine excretion (UIE, μg/day) as an estimate of intake was determined. Valid 24-h urine samples were provided by 650 children, mean (SD) age 9.3 (1.8) years (n = 359 boys). The mean UIE of 4–8 and 9–13 year olds was 94 (48) and 111 (57) μg/24-h, respectively, with 29% and 26% having a UIE below the age-specific EAR. The median (IQR) UIC was 124 (83,172) μg/L, with 36% of participants having a UIC < 100 μg/L. This convenience sample of Victorian schoolchildren were found to be iodine replete, based on UIC and estimated iodine intakes derived from 24-h urine collections, confirming the findings of the Australian Health Survey.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Intakes of Victorian Schoolchildren Measured Using 24-h Urinary Iodine Excretion

et al. 2017

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“…This reduction is comparable to larger iodine surveys where the same adjustment was performed using larger sample sizes (22,23). Furthermore, the total number of spot UIC samples used in this adjustment (n=120) exceeds the recommendation of 86 spot samples required for ±10% precision range with 90% CI (133).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Analyses of variance methods were used to combine the four UIC sample measurements used into one overall adjusted UIC estimate for each participant (133). Samples were combined according to the formula: Adjusted UIC = [(person's UIC -group mean) x (sb ÷ sobs)] + group mean (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described elsewhere (133), an adjusted median UIC value was calculated using all four urine samples to reduce the coefficient of variance (CV) by up to 40%. UIC, TSH and Tg data were log-transformed to improve normality before statistical analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As there is no UIC criterion for children aged 2-3 years, dietary iodine intake was extrapolated from UIC assuming 90% of dietary iodine is excreted in urine and a urine volume of 0.5L/day. As described elsewhere (133), an adjusted UIC value was calculated using all four samples to reduce the impact of inter and intra subject variability typically observed in UIC samples.…”

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Iodine status of Queensland children and the associations with diet and thyroid function

Samidurai¹

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The Iodine Status of Queensland Preschool Children After the Introduction of Mandatory Iodine Fortification in Bread: An Exploratory Study Using a Convenience Sample

Samidurai

Ware

Davies

2016

Matern Child Health J

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Introduction Appropriate dietary iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, especially in young children. Following an iodine fortification in bread initiative, approximately 6 % of Australian preschool children were expected to have an excessive iodine status. The aim of this study was to document the current iodine status of preschool children using urinary iodine concentration (UIC) as a biomarker of iodine intake. Methods A convenience sample of fifty-one preschool children, aged 2-3 years, were recruited from south east Queensland. UIC was ascertained from spot morning and afternoon urine samples collected on two consecutive days and food frequency questionnaires were completed for each participant. Dietary iodine intake was extrapolated from UIC assuming 90 % of dietary iodine is excreted in urine and a urine volume of 0.5 L/day. Results A median UIC of 223.3 μg/L was found. The calculated median dietary iodine intake was 124.8 μg/day (SD 47.0) with 9.8 % of samples above the upper level of 200 μg for dietary iodine for children within this age group. No foods were associated with UIC. Discussion Limited by sample size and recruitment strategies, no association was found between usual food intake and UIC. Extrapolated dietary iodine intake indicated that children within this cohort consumed adequate amounts of dietary iodine, although the number of children consuming above the upper limit of 300 μg/day was almost double of expected. The development of a UIC criteria to assess appropriate parameters for varying degrees of iodine status is required for the monitoring of iodine nutrition in this vulnerable age group.

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Advantages of collecting multiple urinary iodine concentrations when assessing iodine status of a population

Abstract: Although the practicality and cost of collecting multiple UICs need to be considered, collecting multiple UIC samples from each participant provides a more accurate reflection of a cohort iodine status.

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Iodine Intakes of Victorian Schoolchildren Measured Using 24-h Urinary Iodine Excretion

Iodine Intakes of Victorian Schoolchildren Measured Using 24-h Urinary Iodine Excretion

Iodine status of Queensland children and the associations with diet and thyroid function

The Iodine Status of Queensland Preschool Children After the Introduction of Mandatory Iodine Fortification in Bread: An Exploratory Study Using a Convenience Sample

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