Advantages and disadvantages of teleworking in Brazilian public administration: analysis of SERPRO and Federal Revenue experiences

Abstract

Resumo Este estudo investigou as vantagens e desvantagens do teletrabalho na administração pública na percepção de 98 teletrabalhadores e 28 gestores do Serviço Federal de Processamento de Dados (Serpro) e da Receita Federal. Trata-se de pesquisa qualiquantitativa, composta por questionários aplicados aos teletrabalhadores e entrevistas com os gestores, que abordou aspectos estruturais, físicos, pessoais, profissionais e psicológicos. Os resultados evidenciaram como vantagens: melhoria da qualidade de vida; maior equilíbrio na relação trabalho x família; maior produtividade; flexibilidade; criação de métricas; redução de custo; estresse; tempo de deslocamento; exposição à violência; e conhecimento da demanda de trabalho. Já as desvantagens foram: não adaptação; falta de comunicação; perda de vínculo com a empresa; problemas psicológicos; infraestrutura; e controle do teletrabalhador. Conclui-se que o teletrabalho necessita de um modelo de gestão que o torne mais aderente à esfera pública.

A rapid review of mental and physical health effects of working at home: how do we optimise health?

“…This effect is greater for men than women. Filardí et al (2020) [ 22 ] Brazil Cross sectional (quant) 98 teleworkers public administration (40 F) Questionnaire (1 item quality of life, 1 item safety) 95% participants reported improved quality of life, perceived increased safety when working from home and reduced stress associated with commuting Gimenez-Nadal et al (2020) [ 23 ] USA Cross sectional (quant) 2471 employees from various sectors. (1106 F) American Time Use Survey 2012–2013 (diaries and 5 item well-being questionnaire) Male teleworkers reported statistically significant lower levels of stress, pain & tiredness compared to commuters.…”

“…For the qualitative studies ( n = 3) the overall risk of bias for all studies was assessed as moderate. The four studies with high risk of bias included cross sectional surveys [ 18 , 22 , 26 , 31 ]. For the cohort studies, quantitative [ 29 ], qualitative [ 36 ] and mixed methods [ 39 ] were utilised, with moderate and low risk of bias, respectively (see Tables 3 and 4 ).…”

“… High Bentley (2016) [ 20 ] – N/A + – N/A – N/A + – ? – Mod Eddleston (2017) [ 21 ] – – – N/A N/A – N/A – – – – Low Filardi (2020) [ 22 ] – N/A ? N/A N/A + N/A ?…”

“…Three studies explored the physical health impacts of WAH [ 22 , 23 , 32 ]; one of these will be discussed in the section on gender. Filardí [ 22 ] surveyed government employees who reported that ‘I feel safer working from home’, but the WAH arrangements were not clearly defined. In contrast, a study by Nijp et al [ 32 ] found WAH had a negative impact on physical health.…”

“…Relationships between WAH and the following mental health-related outcomes were examined: stress [ 8 , 19 , 21 – 23 , 26 , 28 – 31 , 34 , 37 , 38 ], quality of life [ 22 , 27 , 37 ], well-being [ 18 , 19 , 25 , 36 , 38 ], and depression [ 8 ]. Five studies [ 19 , 26 , 28 , 31 , 37 ], reported a decrease in stress levels of employees WAH on a part-time basis.…”