Advantage of Nanotechnology-Based Genome Editing System and Its Application in Crop Improvement

Ahmar, Sunny; Mahmood, Tahir; Fiaz, Sajid; Mora‐Poblete, Freddy; Shafique, Muhammad Sohaib; Chattha, Muhammad Sohaib; Jung, Ki-Hung

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.663849

Cited by 88 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 245 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…offers new opportunities for improving different traits in important crops, sometimes combined with synthetic biology (for a review, see Chen et al, 2019;Zhu et al, 2020). Furthermore, nanotechnology has shown higher transformation efficiency than conventional methods, and in combination with GE, it has a great potential for engineering plants (Ahmar et al, 2021). The above considerations that influence the response of grasses concerning tissue culture, plant regeneration, and plant transformation methods are also important for GE.…”

Section: Significant Breakthroughs In Grass Transformation Alternative Dna-delivery Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Transformation of Apomictic Grasses: Progress and Constraints

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The available methods for plant transformation and expansion beyond its limits remain especially critical for crop improvement. For grass species, this is even more critical, mainly due to drawbacks in in vitro regeneration. Despite the existence of many protocols in grasses to achieve genetic transformation through Agrobacterium or biolistic gene delivery, their efficiencies are genotype-dependent and still very low due to the recalcitrance of these species to in vitro regeneration. Many plant transformation facilities for cereals and other important crops may be found around the world in universities and enterprises, but this is not the case for apomictic species, many of which are C4 grasses. Moreover, apomixis (asexual reproduction by seeds) represents an additional constraint for breeding. However, the transformation of an apomictic clone is an attractive strategy, as the transgene is immediately fixed in a highly adapted genetic background, capable of large-scale clonal propagation. With the exception of some species like Brachiaria brizantha which is planted in approximately 100 M ha in Brazil, apomixis is almost non-present in economically important crops. However, as it is sometimes present in their wild relatives, the main goal is to transfer this trait to crops to fix heterosis. Until now this has been a difficult task, mainly because many aspects of apomixis are unknown. Over the last few years, many candidate genes have been identified and attempts have been made to characterize them functionally in Arabidopsis and rice. However, functional analysis in true apomictic species lags far behind, mainly due to the complexity of its genomes, of the trait itself, and the lack of efficient genetic transformation protocols. In this study, we review the current status of the in vitro culture and genetic transformation methods focusing on apomictic grasses, and the prospects for the application of new tools assayed in other related species, with two aims: to pave the way for discovering the molecular pathways involved in apomixis and to develop new capacities for breeding purposes because many of these grasses are important forage or biofuel resources.

show abstract

Section: Significant Breakthroughs In Grass Transformation Alternative Dna-delivery Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Transformation of Apomictic Grasses: Progress and Constraints

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Carbon-based nanoparticles have the potential to be used for genome editing by enabling the delivery of DNA that can be transiently expressed or used as repair templates for HDR ( Demirer et al, 2019a , b ; Ahmar et al, 2021 ). Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been utilized to successfully deliver DNA for expression in plant cells.…”

Section: Improving Hr Frequency By Increasing Donor Template Dosagementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing HR Frequency for Precise Genome Editing in Plants

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gene-editing tools, such as Zinc-fingers, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas, have fostered a new frontier in the genetic improvement of plants across the tree of life. In eukaryotes, genome editing occurs primarily through two DNA repair pathways: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). NHEJ is the primary mechanism in higher plants, but it is unpredictable and often results in undesired mutations, frameshift insertions, and deletions. Homology-directed repair (HDR), which proceeds through HR, is typically the preferred editing method by genetic engineers. HR-mediated gene editing can enable error-free editing by incorporating a sequence provided by a donor template. However, the low frequency of native HR in plants is a barrier to attaining efficient plant genome engineering. This review summarizes various strategies implemented to increase the frequency of HDR in plant cells. Such strategies include methods for targeting double-strand DNA breaks, optimizing donor sequences, altering plant DNA repair machinery, and environmental factors shown to influence HR frequency in plants. Through the use and further refinement of these methods, HR-based gene editing may one day be commonplace in plants, as it is in other systems.

show abstract

“…Crop breeding is acknowledged as a technology to improve the genetic characteristics of crops by generating high-yield and high-quality varieties [ 41 ]. Several conventional and molecular approaches have been used in crop breeding, including functional genomic tools, genetic selection, mutagenic breeding, physical maps, somaclonal variations, and whole-genome sequence-based approaches [ 42 ]. Nanotechnology is a new pioneering approach to improve the efficiency and accuracy of crop breeding (Fig.…”

Section: Nanotechnology In Genetic Engineering and Crop Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytonanotechnology applications in modern agriculture

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the rapidly changing global climate, the agricultural systems are confronted with more unpredictable and harsh environmental conditions than before which lead to compromised food production. Thus, to ensure safer and sustainable crop production, the use of advanced nanotechnological approaches in plants (phytonanotechnology) is of great significance. In this review, we summarize recent advances in phytonanotechnology in agricultural systems that can assist to meet ever-growing demands of food sustainability. The application of phytonanotechnology can change traditional agricultural systems, allowing the target-specific delivery of biomolecules (such as nucleotides and proteins) and cater the organized release of agrochemicals (such as pesticides and fertilizers). An amended comprehension of the communications between crops and nanoparticles (NPs) can improve the production of crops by enhancing tolerance towards environmental stresses and optimizing the utilization of nutrients. Besides, approaches like nanoliposomes, nanoemulsions, edible coatings, and other kinds of NPs offer numerous selections in the postharvest preservation of crops for minimizing food spoilage and thus establishing phtonanotechnology as a sustainable tool to architect modern agricultural practices. Graphical Abstract

show abstract

Advantage of Nanotechnology-Based Genome Editing System and Its Application in Crop Improvement

Cited by 88 publications

References 245 publications

Genetic Transformation of Apomictic Grasses: Progress and Constraints

Genetic Transformation of Apomictic Grasses: Progress and Constraints

Enhancing HR Frequency for Precise Genome Editing in Plants

Phytonanotechnology applications in modern agriculture

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About