Advantage and Disadvantage across Australia's Extended Metropolitan Regions: A Typology of Socioeconomic Outcomes

Abstract

New national and international economic and social forces have reshaped national geographies in general and the characteristics of cities in particular, resulting in a range of diverse social and spatial outcomes. These outcomes, which include greater differentiation across, within and between cities has become a feature of the economic and social forces associated with post-Fordist social structures. Taking localities across Australia's metropolitan regions this paper develops a typology of advantage and disadvantage using a model-based approach with clustering of data represented by a parameterised Gaussian mixture model and confidence intervals of the means providing a measure of differences between the clusters. The analysis finds seven clusters of localities that represent different aspects of the socio-spatial structure of the metropolitan regions studied.

The continuity and change in mega-urbanization in Indonesia: A survey of Jakarta–Bandung Region (JBR) development

“…The phenomenon of mega-urbanization has taken place in many Asian countries, including Indonesia Firman, Kombaitan, & Pradono, 2007;Hugo, 2006;Pradono, 1997), China (Leaf, 2002;Lin, 2002;Sit, 2005;Xie, Batty, & Zhao, 2007;Yang, 2005;Zhu, 2000), Vietnam (Leaf, 2002), Malaysia (Wong, 2006), Thailand, Taiwan and the Philippines (Jones et al, 1999), India (Dupont, 2006) and also in Latin America (Aguilar & Ward, 2003) and Africa (Briggs & Mwamfupe, 2000;Simon, McGregor, & Nsiah-Gyabaah, 2004), and even in Australia (Baum, Haynes, Gellecium, & Han, 2006). Mega-urban regions in Asia, however, in many ways seem to be largely disconnected from local economic activities and produce a little in terms of impacts on development for local population, which in turn has resulted in regional disparities.…”

Dissecting and tracking socio-spatial disadvantage in urban Australia

“…Australian examples include the application of cluster analysis in research on regional settlements by Beer and Maude (1995), Baum (2006) and Baum et al (2006). In the US context, cluster analysis has been used in the large-scale categorization of central cities (e.g.…”

“…A shorthand term for this would be a 'people-based' approach. Several Australian scholarly articles have used typology analysis in operationalizing this conception (see: Baum, 2006;Baum, Haynes, van Gellecum, & Han, 2006;Reynolds & Wulff, 2005). A second notion of 'disadvantaged area' refers to a place which (innately) disadvantages its residents.…”

Modelling the Patterns and Drivers of Tourism Related Employment for South-East Queensland, Australia—A Spatial Econometric Approach

“…Much of this change has been related to tourism development and interstate migration (e.g., Mullins 1990;Jones 1986;Stimson and Minnery 1998), which has had strong regional impacts in terms of economic disparities, social polarization and consequent locational advantage and disadvantage for areas and communities (Stimson et al 2001;Baum et al 2006).…”