Advancing Hepatitis B Virus Testing in Prospective Blood Donors Beyond Current Single Marker Rapid Technique: Is it a Luxury or Necessity?

Sero-Epidemiology of Transfusion Transmissible Hepatitis B, C and E among Blood Donors in Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

“…Less than 5.0% (n=17; 4.6%) of the donor populations were VNBD. That was a marked reduction of 94.0% from the previous 77.2% voluntary, nonremunerated donations reported in the same facility by Amilo et al [26] [29]. That translated to 0.01% voluntary donations for that year and it was 100-fold less than 1% of Nigeria population recommended as voluntary blood donors for Nigeria's blood need [30].…”

Hepatitis B Vaccination Outcomes and Broad Spectrum of Hepatitis B Infections in Nigeria: An Evidence-Based Picture

“…This was more than two times the 6-fold hepatitis surface antigenaemia among unvaccinated children compared to the vaccinated group reported by Odusanya et al (2005) [30] . Among the UVRP, other eleven patterns of HBV markers seroprevalence (totalling 11.05%) were detected through this study besides the specific patterns found in successfully vaccinated participants ( can be classified as a high endemic region for hepatitis B [13] .…”

“…Several authors have described the various phases of hepatitis B infection [37,39,50] . Different authorities in hepatology have used different guidelines to interpret hepatitis B viral markers testing results and the differences in their interpretations could be traced to advances of testing procedure beyond qualitative serologic screening such as inclusion of quantification serologic assay, differentiation assayHBcAb total differentiation into hepatitis B core IgM (HBcIgM) and hepatitis B core IgG (HBcIgG), molecular diagnosis with advanced techniques including quantification of HBV-DNA level with real-time PCR,HBV genotyping and sequencing, performance of biochemical assessments and liver scan [13,37,50,[52][53][54][55] . This study interpretive algorithm is fundamental and compares with several others and can be adopted in clinical settings to accurately diagnose HBV infections and assess HBV vaccination outcomes.…”

“…A global data showed that annually, a minimum of 27 million children do not have access to basic package of HBV vaccine and close to a quarter of children under five years ' mortality is due to vaccine preventable infectious diseases including hepatitis B [10] . Published findings have showed liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver-related disorders to be the dire consequences of hepatitis B infection since the first report [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . A highly effective and inexpensive hepatitis B recombinant DNA vaccine has been available since 1982 following first issued recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) which were not implemented in Nigeria until 1995.…”

“…In Nigeria, several authors have demonstrated the positive impacts of HBV vaccine initiatives on the prevention of chronic hepatitis B virus infection since implementation [7,[17][18][19][20][21] . The discovery and licensing of the HBV vaccine and subsequent establishments of vaccination programmes have led to great breakthroughs in the fight against the scourge of hepatitis B infections in high endemic regions including the prevention of vertical transmission of the virus through infected mother [17] and inadvertent transmission through blood donors [13] . Previous literatures reported that vaccinees who received complete (three) doses of HBV vaccine demonstrated evidence of optimal immune protection compared to those who had incomplete doses (single or two doses).…”