Advances of Nanotechnology Applied to Biosensors

Abstract

Up to date, application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology has made great advances. Many novel nanomaterials with unique properties are increasingly being exploited to apply for biosensors, improving the property of biosensor and making them higher selectivity and sensitivity, less response time and lower detective limitation. Here we review some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, explore the application prospects, and discuss the issues, approaches, and challenges, with the amin of promting to develop nanomaterials-based biosensor nanotechnology and improving their application in disease diagnosis and biosafety examination.

One Step Quick Detection of Cancer Cell Surface Marker by Integrated NiFe-based Magnetic Biosensing Cell Cultural Chip

“…Compared with previous reported methods, our method has obvious advantages as follows: (1) When combined cell culture with detection, we shorten the test duration and ease the test procedure. Samples are almost ready for test after seeded on the chip and we saved single test for hours; the test is also real-time.…”

“…Diagnosis of disease is usually carried out by isolation and cultivation of microorganisms, which may take several days and demand special technical skills and complex, expensive equipment. In such cases, biosensors [1], which can incorporate a biological or biological-derived sensing element that is associated with or interacted within a physicochemical transducer, are introduced into biological analytical systems for its properties of high sensitivity and specificity [2], large scale, high speed, low cost and minimum human intervention [3], etc. Among biosensors, magnetic biosensors gained their popularities because firstly, the magnetic background in biomolecular samples are usually insignificant; secondly, they are relatively inexpensive and easily to be made biocompatible [4]; thirdly, magnetic property is very stable over time; Finally, many applications can be made based on the stray magnetic fields from the particles and the external fields [5].…”

Identification of Volatile Biomarkers of Gastric Cancer Cells and Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection based on Sensing Interface of Au-Ag Alloy coated MWCNTs

“…We also used self-assembly of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and quantum dots to realize the ultrasensitive detection of DNA and antigen 35 . These examples fully demonstrate using carbon nanotubes and noble metal nanoparticles to develop ultrasensitive electrode interfaces is a good design strategy for fabricating new generation of electrochemical biosensors, because the nanocomposites of CNTs/nobel metal nanoparticles could enhance the performance of electrochemical biosensors 36 , 37 , for example, to improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors and to increase electron-transfer resistance because of their nanostructure and large surface area 38 - 40 . In recent years, nobel metal nanoparticles, especially bimetallic nanoparticles, for example, Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles, because of synergistic catalytic abilities, and selectivity of electrochemical reactions, exhibit great potential in development of new generation of electrochemical biosensors 41 - 43 .…”

Development of Paper Biosensor for the Detection of Phenol from Industrial Effluents Using Bioconjugate of Tyr-AuNps Mediated by Novel IsolateStreptomyces tuirusDBZ39

“…Surface Journal of Nanomaterials 5 Plasmon Resonance (SPR) of Gold nanoparticles is relatively more compatible to bind with tyrosinase and facilitates efficient detection of phenol constituents. Smaller size gold nanoparticles allow more freedom in the orientation for the anchored protein molecules and hence maximize the utilization of their bioactive sites [41]. Thus bioconjugate of tyrosinase and gold nanoparticles has been an efficient biosensor on Whatman 2 paper for the detection of phenol constituents.…”