Advances in Zebrafish for Diabetes Mellitus with Wound Model

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcers cause great suffering and are costly for the healthcare system. Normal wound healing involves hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. However, the negative factors associated with diabetes, such as bacterial biofilms, persistent inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, inhibited cell proliferation, and pathological scarring, greatly interfere with the smooth progress of the entire healing process. It is this impaired wound healing that leads to diabetic foot ulcers and even amputations. Therefore, drug screening is challenging due to the complexity of damaged healing mechanisms. The establishment of a scientific and reasonable animal experimental model contributes significantly to the in-depth research of diabetic wound pathology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In addition to the low cost and transparency of the embryo (for imaging transgene applications), zebrafish have a discrete wound healing process for the separate study of each stage, resulting in their potential as the ideal model animal for diabetic wound healing in the future. In this review, we examine the reasons behind the delayed healing of diabetic wounds, systematically review various studies using zebrafish as a diabetic wound model by different induction methods, as well as summarize the challenges and improvement strategies which provide references for establishing a more reasonable diabetic wound zebrafish model.

Green synthesis of chlorella-derived carbon dots and their fluorescence imaging in zebrafish

“…Zebrafish is a freshwater fish that has a small size, good vitality and reproductive ability, is easy to raise and manage, 19 and has a short life cycle, going from fertilized eggs to adults in about three months, 20 meaning they can be quickly raised in large-scale experiments. In addition, zebrafish larvae are transparent, so its internal structures and organ development process can be observed directly through the microscope.…”

Recent Advances in Living Algae Seeding Wound Dressing: Focusing on Diabetic Chronic Wound Healing

“…[55] The newly formed ECM acts as a scaffold provides a favorable environment for cytokine storage and helps guide the regeneration of the skin, allowing it to regain its normal physiological structure. [5,56] The modeling and establishment of new blood vessels are also crucial aspects of this process, and if tissue oxygenation can be achieved and sustained, even severely colonized and infected wounds can also heal. [52] Stimulators such as FGF, VEGF, PDGF, angiopoietin, TGF-𝛼, and TGF-𝛽 activate mitosis in endothelial cells, promote their movement, and stimulate the release of endothelial growth factors which induce the production of proteases and degrade the basement membrane in existing blood vessels.…”

“…[ 55 ] The newly formed ECM acts as a scaffold provides a favorable environment for cytokine storage and helps guide the regeneration of the skin, allowing it to regain its normal physiological structure. [ 5,56 ]…”

“…These stages overlap and work in harmony to ensure proper healing of the wound. [4][5][6] In the presence of diabetic hyperglycemia, a multitude of systemic complications can arise, leading to various local lesions within the wound microenvironment. These lesions encompass chronic inflammation, bacterial infection, and colonization, dysangiogenesis, oxidative stress induced by hypoxia, the formation of advanced glycation end products, impaired neuropeptide signaling, and imbalances in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors.…”

Advances in the Utilization of Zebrafish for Assessing and Understanding the Mechanisms of Nano-/Microparticles Toxicity in Water

“…The zebrafish is a small freshwater fish. (I) Because of its small size, vitality, and reproductive ability, it is easy to raise and manage [22]; (II) its short life cycle, from fertilized egg to adult in about three months, allows for rapid large-scale experiments [23]; (III) Zebrafish larvae are transparent, and the development process of their internal structures and organs can be directly observed through a microscope. Therefore, they emerge in the field of toxicity evaluation of pollutants such as MNPs, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and algae in water [24].…”