Advances in Understanding, Models and Parameterizations of Biosphere-Atmosphere Ammonia Exchange

Fléchard, Christophe; Massad, Raia Silvia; Loubet, Benjamin; Personne, Erwan; Simpson, David; Bash, Jesse O.; Cooter, Ellen J.; Nemitz, Eiko; Sutton, Mark A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7285-3_2

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 224 publications

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“…Here, we leverage the tiled structure of the GFDL land model to efficiently represent the subgrid scale heterogeneity of surface properties and their evolution in a changing climate. We have shown that the shift of N emissions from oxidized to reduced N in North America will exacerbate the sensitivity of N deposition to small-scale 290 heterogeneities, which highlights the need to improve the representation of non-stomatal surface resistances (R sf,v , R sf,s , and R sf,g ) (Flechard et al, 2013;Wentworth et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Future work will aim at coupling 295 the representation of dry deposition presented here to the N cycle in the GFDL land model (Gerber et al, 2010), which will enable us to represent the bidirectional exchange of NH 3 (Nemitz et al, 2001;Flechard et al, 2013;Bash et al, 2013) and improve our understanding of the impact of N deposition on ecosystems and carbon cycling (Magnani et al, 2007;Janssens et al, 2010;Fleischer et al, 2013Fleischer et al, , 2015. and Rs (Wesely, 1989) for all models.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Representing sub-grid scale variations in nitrogen deposition associated with land use in a global Earth System Model: implications for present and future nitrogen deposition fluxes over North America

Paulot¹,

Malyshev²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Reactive nitrogen (N) emissions have increased over the last 150 years as a result of greater fossil fuel combustion and food production. The resulting increase in N deposition can alter the function of ecosystems, but characterizing its ecological impacts remains challenging, in part because of uncertainties in model-based estimates of N dry deposition. Here, we leverage the tiled structure of the land component (LM3) of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) 5Earth System Model to represent the impact of physical, hydrological, and ecological heterogeneities on the surface removal of chemical tracers. We show that this framework can be used to estimate N deposition at more ecologically-relevant scales (e.g., natural vegetation, water bodies) than from the coarse-resolution global chemistry-climate model (GFDL-AM3). Focusing on North America, we show that the faster removal of N over forested ecosystems relative to cropland and pasture implies 10 that coarse resolution estimates of N deposition from global models systematically underestimate N deposition to natural vegetation by 10 to 30% in the Central and Eastern US. Neglecting the subgrid scale heterogeneity of dry deposition velocities also results in an underestimate (overestimate) of the amount of reduced (oxidized) nitrogen deposited to water bodies. Overall, changes in land cover associated with human activities are found to slow down the removal of N from the atmosphere, 15 causing a reduction in the dry oxidized, dry reduced, and total N deposition over the contiguous US of 8%, 26%, and 6%, respectively. We also find that the reduction in the overall rate of removal of N associated with land-use change tends to increase N deposition on the remaining natural vegetation and facilitate N export to Canada. We show that subgrid scale differences in the surface removal of oxidized and reduced nitrogen imply that near-term (2010-2050)

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confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Representing sub-grid scale variations in nitrogen deposition associated with land use in a global Earth System Model: implications for present and future nitrogen deposition fluxes over North America

Paulot¹,

Malyshev²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Despite its importance, there are still many knowledge gaps on ammonia. Long-term observational data series are in general scarce compared to, e.g., ozone [11], and hourly observations of ammonia are even more rare due to their expense and complexity caused by feedback mechanisms [12] and general comprehensive experimental setups [e.g., 13]. Agriculture was responsible for 94% of the total NH 3 emissions in the EU in 2010 (European Environment Agency, www.eea.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Many integrated effects of meteorology and climate on ammonia remain to be studied and this has been highlighted by the IPCC [20] as an area that is poorly understood. Improvement of representation of processes that lead to ammonia emissions in atmospheric models has therefore frequently been highlighted as an area that needs scientific attention [12,17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Ammonia Concentrations Over Europe – Application of the WRF-Chem Model Supported with Dynamic Emission

Werner¹,

Kryza²,

Geels³

et al. 2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…This is secondly due to the fact that ammonia emission is a diffusion-based process which is limited by 721 the surface resistances, as modelled in Eq. (9), which leads to small fluxes when ( ) and { 3 } get 722 large, which happens during low wind speeds (they are both roughly inversely proportional to wind speed) and 723 stable conditions, which also happens at night (Flechard et al, 2013). In real situations, the combination of small 724 turbulence and high surface concentration leads to a further decrease of the flux which is dependent on the 725 difference between pground and the concentration in the atmosphere above (a feature which was not accounted 726 for in this study as this would imply a higher degree of complexity in the modelling approach).…”

Section: Sensor Positioning and Conditioning Number 680mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a new inference method for estimating ammonia volatilisation from multiple agronomic plots

Loubet¹,

Carozzi²,

Voylokov³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Tropospheric ammonia (NH 3 ) is a threat to the environment and human health and is mainly emitted 9 by agriculture. Ammonia volatilisation following application of nitrogen in the field accounts for more than 40% 10 of the total ammonia emissions in France. This hence represents a major loss of nitrogen use efficiency which 11 needs to be reduced by appropriate agricultural practices. In this study we evaluate a novel method to infer 12 ammonia volatilisation from small agronomic plots made of multiple treatments with repetition. The method is 13 based on the combination of a set of ammonia diffusion sensors exposed for durations of 3 hours to 1 week, and 14 a short-range atmospheric dispersion model, used to retrieve the emissions from each plot. The method is 15 evaluated by mimicking ammonia emissions from an ensemble of 9 plots with a resistance-analogue-16 compensation-point surface exchange scheme over a yearly meteorological database separated into 28-days 17 periods. A multi-factorial simulation scheme is used to test the effects of sensor number and heights, plot 18 dimensions, source strengths and background concentrations, on the quality of the inference method. We further 19 demonstrate by theoretical considerations in the case of an isolated plot that inferring emissions with diffusion 20 sensors integrating over daily periods will always lead to underestimations due to correlations between emissions 21 and atmospheric transfer. We evaluated these underestimations as -8% ± 6% of the emissions for a typical 22 western European climate. For multiple plots, we find that this method would lead to median underestimations of 23 -16% with an interquartile [-8% -22%] for two treatments differing by a factor of up to 20 and a control 24 treatment with no emissions. We further evaluate the methodology for varying background concentrations and 25ammonia emission patterns and demonstrate the low sensitivity of the method to these factors. The method was 26 also tested in a real case and proved to provide sound evaluations of ammonia losses from surface applied and 27 incorporated slurry. We hence showed that this novel method should be robust and suitable for estimating 28 ammonia emissions from agronomic plots. Further work should anyway be produced for validating this method 29 in real conditions. 30 31

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Advances in Understanding, Models and Parameterizations of Biosphere-Atmosphere Ammonia Exchange

Cited by 28 publications

References 224 publications

Representing sub-grid scale variations in nitrogen deposition associated with land use in a global Earth System Model: implications for present and future nitrogen deposition fluxes over North America

Representing sub-grid scale variations in nitrogen deposition associated with land use in a global Earth System Model: implications for present and future nitrogen deposition fluxes over North America

Ammonia Concentrations Over Europe – Application of the WRF-Chem Model Supported with Dynamic Emission

Evaluation of a new inference method for estimating ammonia volatilisation from multiple agronomic plots

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