Advances in the Understanding of the Physical Processes of Vacuum Breakdown

Wuensch, Walter

doi:10.1142/9789814602105_0003

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Conditioning includes both an initial extrinsic process (resulting from the removal of contaminates) and a longterm intrinsic process resulting from modifications of the electrode. In line with our model, this comes about as a result of surface hardening [50]. In addition, by controlling the dislocation mobility, our model offers a direction for improving the electrode performance.…”

supporting

confidence: 74%

Stochastic Model of Breakdown Nucleation under Intense Electric Fields

2018

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A plastic response due to dislocation activity under intense electric fields is proposed as a source of breakdown. A model is formulated based on stochastic multiplication and arrest under the stress generated by the field. A critical transition in the dislocation population is suggested as the cause of protrusion formation leading to subsequent arcing. The model is studied using Monte Carlo simulations and theoretical analysis, yielding a simplified dependence of the breakdown rates on the electric field. These agree with experimental observations of field and temperature breakdown dependencies.

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supporting

confidence: 74%

Stochastic Model of Breakdown Nucleation under Intense Electric Fields

2018

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“…b) Typical measured current and voltage from the DC spark experiment [60]. Plot reproduced from [61]. Fig.…”

Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Field Emission to Vacuum Arc Ignition: A New Tool for Simulating Copper Vacuum Arcs

Timkó

Sjøbak

Mether

et al. 2015

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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Understanding plasma initiation in vacuum arc discharges can help to bridge the gap between nano-scale triggering phenomena and the macroscopic surface damage caused by vacuum arcs. We present a new twodimensional particle-in-cell tool to simulate plasma initiation in direct-current (DC) copper vacuum arc discharges starting from a single, strong field emitter at the cathode. Our simulations describe in detail how a sub-micron field emission site can evolve to a macroscopic vacuum arc discharge, and provide a possible explanation for why and how cathode spots can spread on the cathode surface. Furthermore, the model provides us with a prediction for the current and voltage characteristics, as well as for properties of the plasma like densities, fluxes and electric potentials in a simple DC discharge case, which are in agreement with the known experimental values.

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“…The design, manufacture and testing of the prototypes is a well-established process. The limiting gradient behavior has been comprehensively studied and reasonably well understood [3]. In particular, a quantity based on local power flow [4] appears to determine the limiting gradient as a function of rf design for a given manufacturing procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the conditioning of high gradient accelerating structures

Degiovanni

Wuensch

Navarro

2016

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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Accelerating gradients in excess of 100 MV=m, at very low breakdown rates, have been successfully achieved in numerous prototype CLIC accelerating structures. The conditioning and operational histories of several structures, tested at KEK and CERN, have been compared and there is clear evidence that the conditioning progresses with the number of rf pulses and not with the number of breakdowns. This observation opens the possibility that the optimum conditioning strategy, which minimizes the total number of breakdowns the structure is subject to without increasing conditioning time, may be to never exceed the breakdown rate target for operation. The result is also likely to have a strong impact on efforts to understand the physical mechanism underlying conditioning and may lead to preparation procedures which reduce conditioning time.

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Advances in the Understanding of the Physical Processes of Vacuum Breakdown

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Stochastic Model of Breakdown Nucleation under Intense Electric Fields

Stochastic Model of Breakdown Nucleation under Intense Electric Fields

From Field Emission to Vacuum Arc Ignition: A New Tool for Simulating Copper Vacuum Arcs

Comparison of the conditioning of high gradient accelerating structures

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