Advances in the stability challenges of bioactive peptides and improvement strategies

Transepithelial transport and cytoprotection of novel antioxidant peptides isolated from simulated gastrointestinal digestion of Xuanwei ham

“…After absorption, bioactive peptides are often rapidly degraded by proteases or rapidly cleared in the plasma, kidneys, and liver. 29 Currently, chemical modifications and nano-delivery studies are being performed to investigate the metabolic process of these bioactive peptides in vivo . Bottger et al incubated eight peptides with the blood, plasma, and serum, and they found that the modified peptide with its C-terminal amide was more stable in the blood, plasma and serum.…”

Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/Parathyroid Hormone Receptor 1 Signaling in Cancer and Metastasis

“…We anticipate the development of selective PTHrP/PTH1R modulators that adopt the advantages of emerging chemical modalities to overcome the limitations of current ones. For example, structural modifications including incorporation of unnatural amino acids (i.e., D-AA), retro-inverso isomers, N-methylation, or stapling reactions between amino acids may result in better PTH1R binding molecules with comparable binding specificity/selectivity and in vivo stability [ 125 ]; PTH1R inhibitors can be conjugated with molecules targeting E3 ligase or lysosome to induce PTH1R degradation via proteasome or lysosome; a DNA aptamer interrupting PTHrP binding, but not affecting PTH binding to PTH1R, can be screened de novo based on the cryo-EM structures, and the aptamers can be further optimized for in vitro and in vivo safe delivery. Our prospective targeting approaches against PTHrP/PTH1R are depicted in Figure 4 .…”

Potential of Food Protein-Derived Bioactive Peptides against Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Review

“…For example, antioxidant peptides Tyr-Phe-Cys-Leu-Thr and Gly-Leu-Leu-Leu-Pro-His were reported to transport via not only paracellular pathway across tight junctions but also transcytosis . After absorption, bioactive peptides may be degraded by proteases and peptidases in the blood or enzymatically hydrolyzed in the kidney and liver before reaching the organs throughout the body . However, due to the limited amount of research, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of bioactive peptides are still unclear. , …”

“…After absorption, bioactive peptides may be degraded by proteases and peptidases in the blood or enzymatically hydrolyzed in the kidney and liver before reaching the organs throughout the body . However, due to the limited amount of research, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of bioactive peptides are still unclear. , …”

“…Protein hydrolysates containing di- and tripeptides are absorbed more readily than free amino acids and much more rapidly than intact protein . Moreover, bioactive peptides are characterized by high specificity, remarkable efficacy, selectivity, biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. , Recently, Nabuco et al examined the effects of 35 g of supplementation of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) in older women aged >60 years over a 26-week period. The results showed that WPH supplementation resulted in a decrease in 10 min walk speed test as well as an increase in knee extension, chest press, and total strength compared to time zero and maltodextrin placebo.…”