Advances in the sample preparation of brominated flame retardants and other brominated compounds

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and metabolites – An analytical review on seafood occurrence

“…Since these pollutants present very high log K OW , lipid-rich matrices are more prone to present higher level of contamination. This implies that, when contaminants with high log K OW are analysed in samples with high lipid content, a lower sample intake is required for quantification [43]. Therefore, the amount of sample used for analysis heavily relies on the matrix fat content, which is applied for all extraction methods.…”

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of emerging contaminants from environmental samples

“…BFRs, in particular PBDEs, have been the FRs most widely studied, and different reviews on the analytical techniques used for the determination of these compounds in various matrices are available in the literature [67,68]. In general, a low amount of solid samples, 0.1-2 g, was employed in UAE, but it was reported that, in samples with low lipid content, the sample amount must be higher for better quantitation [68].…”

“…In general, a low amount of solid samples, 0.1-2 g, was employed in UAE, but it was reported that, in samples with low lipid content, the sample amount must be higher for better quantitation [68].…”

Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation of Brominated Flame Retardants

“…Since their physicochemical properties are comparable to those of the legacy POPs [31], BFRs are likely to undergo low biodegradation processes in the environment and organisms. Independently of the trophic position of an organism, the BFRs intake is higher when compared to their elimination due to slow biotransformation, thus generating their bioaccumulation [52].…”

“…There is already a lot of knowledge on the physicochemical parameters characterizing both "classical" BFRs, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), and "novel" BFRs (NBFRs) [31]. BFRs prevent the spread of fire by quenching the radical oxidation reactions that take place during combustion by reacting with the H· and HO· radicals.…”