Advances in table grape breeding in Japan

Abstract

In Japan, few grape cultivars related to Vitis vinifera existed 200 years ago, on account of Japan’s high rainfall. Many V. labruscana and vinifera cultivars were introduced to Japan in the 19th century. Labruscana was grown instead of vinifera, mainly because of severe disease problems and a high incidence of berry cracking. Grape breeding for table use started in the 20th century, with the goal of combining the berry quality of vinifera with the ease of cultivation of labruscana. By 1945, three strategies were used: 1) crossing among introduced diploid vinifera and vinifera-related cultivars of Japanese origin, 2) interspecific crossing in tetraploid cultivars, and 3) interspecific crossing in diploid cultivars, resulting in ‘Neo Muscat’, ‘Kyoho’, and ‘Muscat Bailey A’. Later, tetraploid interspecific crossing over generations developed many ‘Kyoho’-related cultivars, including ‘Pione’, many of which have large berries, intermediate flesh texture between the two species, a labruscan or neutral flavor, and moderate disease resistance. Interspecific diploid crossing over generations developed ‘Shine Muscat’ in 2006, with large berries, crispy flesh, a muscat flavor, no cracking, seedless fruit by gibberellin application, and moderate resistance to downy mildew and ripe rot.

Assessment of deterioration in skin color of table grape berries due to climate change and effects of two adaptation measures

“…Future changes in suitable land Malheiro et al, 2010;Nemoto et al, 2016, yield Bindi et al, 1996Schultz, 2000;Lobell and Field, 2011 , and berry quality Jones et al, 2005;Webb et al, 2008 have been estimated for grape; however, most of those studies were on wine grapes and there have been few studies on table grapes. 'Kyoho' is the first and 'Pione' is the third most common table grape cultivar in Japan Yamada and Sato, 2016 . These cultivars are similar in appearance and have black berries at maturity.…”

Application of multivariate statistical techniques to assess the phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant activity of commercial grape cultivars

“…These methods are used to collect information and identify the relative contribution of all bioactive compounds in each grape cultivar. Kyoho ( Vitis labrusca na ) is a Taiwan cultivar developed in 1945 by intersecting Ishiharawase and Centennial . The American wild bunch grape ( Vitis aestivalis ) is another imported cultivar from the United States of America available in local markets of Taiwan, but at a higher price than local Kyoho cultivar.…”

A New Plant Breeding Technique Using ALSV Vectors to Shorten the Breeding Periods of Fruit Trees

“…even more [3,51,[55][56][57][58][59]. The combination of virus-induced flowering technology described here with information obtained from these research is expected to lead to further optimization of fruit tree breeding in the future.…”