Advances in seawater desalination technologies

Khawaji, Akili D.; Kutubkhanah, Ibrahim K.; Wie, Jong-Mihn

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.067

Cited by 1,328 publications

(643 citation statements)

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“…A number of sea water desalination technologies have been developed during the last several decades to augment the supply of water in water-scarce regions of the world. However, due to the constraints of high desalination costs, many countries are unable to afford these technologies [7]. This technology is currently being used across Africa, e.g., in Libya [57][58][59] and Algeria [60][61][62], and would be a good investment for the Government of Kenya.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together with land use change, a complex process affected by both natural processes and human activities [4] and climate variations, many of these factors are expected to undergo substantial changes in the near future [2]. This is bound to render freshwater availability in the future uncertain [5][6][7]. Water resources are therefore indisputably declining at an alarming rate all around the world [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Population Growth and Climate Change on the Freshwater Resources of Lamu Island, Kenya

Okello

Tomasello

Greggio

et al. 2015

Water

147

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Demand for freshwater is rising with factors, such as population growth, land use change and climate variations, rendering water availability in the future uncertain. Groundwater resources are being increasingly exploited to meet this growing demand. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of population growth induced by land use change and climate change on the future state of freshwater resources of Lamu Island in Kenya where a major port facility is under construction. The results of this study show that the "no industrial development" population scenario (assuming the port was not constructed) would be expected to reach ~50,000 people by 2050, while the projected population upon completion is expected to reach 1.25 million in the same year when the Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor Program (LAPSSET) port reaches its full cargo-handling capacity. The groundwater abstraction in 2009 was 0.06 m 3 daily per capita, while the demand is expected to raise to 0.1 m 3 by 2050 according to the "LAPSSET development" projection. The modelling results show that the Shela aquifer in Lamu, which is the main source of water on the island, will not experience stress by 2065 for the "no industrial development" OPEN ACCESSWater 2015, 7 1265 population scenario, whereas for the "LAPSSET development projection" population scenario, it will occur sooner (between 2020 and 2028). The modelling results show that the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) climate change scenarios will have a smaller impact on the effective water volume reserves than Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) for the "no industrial development", while the impact is expected to be similar for the "LAPSSET development", suggesting that population growth exacerbated by land use change will be a more significant driving force than climate change in affecting freshwater availability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Population Growth and Climate Change on the Freshwater Resources of Lamu Island, Kenya

Okello

Tomasello

Greggio

et al. 2015

Water

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The thermal ones may be obtained from a conventional fossil-fuel source, nuclear energy or from a non-conventional solar energy source or geothermal energy [27]. Multiple stage flashing constitutes the most established thermal technology [30]. Multiple effect distillation, vapor compression and electrodialysis are some of the desalination technologies used nowadays [3].…”

Section: Desalination and Renewable Energy Technology Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination using renewable energy sources on the arid islands of South Aegean Sea

Mentis

Karalis

Zervos

et al. 2016

Energy

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a b s t r a c tWater and energy supply are strongly interrelated and their efficient management is crucial for a sustainable future. Water and energy systems on several Greek islands face a number of pressing issues. Water supply is problematic as regards both to the water quality and quantity. There is significant lack of water on several islands and this is mainly dealt with tanker vessels which transport vast amounts of water from the mainland. At the same time island energy systems are congested and rely predominantly on fossil fuels, despite the abundant renewable energy potential. These issues may be addressed by combining desalination and renewable energy technologies. It is essential to analyse the feasibility of this possibility. This study focuses on developing a tool capable of designing and optimally sizing desalination and renewable energy units. Several parameters regarding an island's water demand and the desalination's energy requirements are taken into account as well as input data which concern technological performance, resource availability and economic data. The tool is applied on three islands in the South Aegean Sea, Patmos (large), Lipsoi (medium) and Thirasia (small). Results of the modelling exercise show that the water selling price ranges from 1.45 V/m 3 for the large island, while the corresponding value is about 2.6 V/m 3 for the small island, figures significantly lower than the current water cost (7 e9 V/m 3 ).

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“…In this regard, huge amount of R&D efforts in production should be directed towards improving and optimizing the existing production technology. The topics of R&D that gaining attentions are such as [32]:…”

Section: Key Operating Parameters Of Small Scale Production Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%