Advances in Scattering Probes for Materials

Evans, Paul G.; Billinge, Simon J. L.

doi:10.1557/mrs2010.598

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…37,88,90,91 In the absence of single crystals, it is still possible to gather meaningful structural information from small nanostructures that lack periodicity by using techniques that probe the local environment of individual atoms (EXAFS, XPS, NMR) 41 or their scattering of electromagnetic radiation (X-ray scattering, light scattering, neutron scattering). 109 These techniques cannot however determine if the sample being characterized is truly monodisperse or not.…”

Section: Nanocluster Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the nature and importance of the transition between molecules and nanocrystals: towards a chemistry of “nanoscale perfection”

Cademartiri

Kitaev

2011

Nanoscale

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This paper discusses the importance of the transition between molecular compounds and nanocrystals. The boundary between molecular and nanocrystals/nanoclusters can be defined by the emergence of the bulk phase; atoms in the core of the nanoclusters that are not bound to ligands. This transition in dimensions and structural organization is important because it overlaps with the boundary between atomically defined moieties (molecules can be isolated with increasing purity) and mixtures (nanocrystals have a distribution of sizes, shapes, and defects; they cannot be easily separated into batches of structurally identical species). Passing through this boundary, as the size of a structure increases beyond a few nanometres, the information about the position of each atom gradually disappears. This loss of structural information about a chemical structure fundamentally compromises our ability to use it as a part of a complex chemical system. If we are to engineer complex functions encoded in a chemical language, we will need pure batches of atomically defined (truly monodisperse) nanoscale compounds, and we will need to understand how to make them and preserve them over a broad range of length scales, compositions, and timeframes. In this review we survey most classes of monodisperse nanomaterials (mostly nanoclusters) and highlight the recent breakthroughs in this area which might be spearheading the development of a chemistry of "nanoscale perfection".

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Section: Nanocluster Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the nature and importance of the transition between molecules and nanocrystals: towards a chemistry of “nanoscale perfection”

Cademartiri

Kitaev

2011

Nanoscale

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“…Recent developments in focusing x-rays to nanometerscale focal spot sizes and in interpreting coherent scattering from nanoscale objects promise to provide tremendous insight into the atomic-to-mesoscale structure of emerging materials. 1,2 Nanobeam techniques, however, have largely been applied in sample conditions far from the regimes of pressure and temperature at which it would be most useful to understand the properties of materials. In part this is because sample environments have been incompatible both with nanopositioning instruments and with the small 0.5-2 cm working distances of nanofocusing optics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact ultrahigh vacuum sample environments for x-ray nanobeam diffraction and imaging

Evans

Chahine

Grifone

et al. 2013

Review of Scientific Instruments

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X-ray nanobeams present the opportunity to obtain structural insight in materials with small volumes or nanoscale heterogeneity. The effective spatial resolution of the information derived from nanobeam techniques depends on the stability and precision with which the relative position of the x-ray optics and sample can be controlled. Nanobeam techniques include diffraction, imaging, and coherent scattering, with applications throughout materials science and condensed matter physics. Sample positioning is a significant mechanical challenge for x-ray instrumentation providing vacuum or controlled gas environments at elevated temperatures. Such environments often have masses that are too large for nanopositioners capable of the required positional accuracy of the order of a small fraction of the x-ray spot size. Similarly, the need to place x-ray optics as close as 1 cm to the sample places a constraint on the overall size of the sample environment. We illustrate a solution to the mechanical challenge in which compact ion-pumped ultrahigh vacuum chambers with masses of 1-2 kg are integrated with nanopositioners. The overall size of the environment is sufficiently small to allow their use with zone-plate focusing optics. We describe the design of sample environments for elevated-temperature nanobeam diffraction experiments demonstrate in situ diffraction, reflectivity, and scanning nanobeam imaging of the ripening of Au crystallites on Si substrates.

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Sub-microsecond X-ray crystallography: techniques, challenges, and applications for materials science

Gorfman

2014

Crystallography Reviews

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Advances in Scattering Probes for Materials

Cited by 4 publications

References 85 publications

On the nature and importance of the transition between molecules and nanocrystals: towards a chemistry of “nanoscale perfection”

On the nature and importance of the transition between molecules and nanocrystals: towards a chemistry of “nanoscale perfection”

Compact ultrahigh vacuum sample environments for x-ray nanobeam diffraction and imaging

Sub-microsecond X-ray crystallography: techniques, challenges, and applications for materials science

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