Advances in Lung Cancer Treatment Using Nanomedicines

Abstract

Carcinoma of the lungs is among the most menacing forms of malignancy and has a poor prognosis, with a low overall survival rate due to delayed detection and ineffectiveness of conventional therapy. Therefore, drug delivery strategies that may overcome undesired damage to healthy cells, boost therapeutic efficacy, and act as imaging tools are currently gaining much attention. Advances in material science have resulted in unique nanoscale-based theranostic agents, which provide renewed hope for patients suffering from lung cancer. Nanotechnology has vastly modified and upgraded the existing techniques, focusing primarily on increasing bioavailability and stability of anti-cancer drugs. Nanocarrier-based imaging systems as theranostic tools in the treatment of lung carcinoma have proven to possess considerable benefits, such as early detection and targeted therapeutic delivery for effectively treating lung cancer. Several variants of nano-drug delivery agents have been successfully studied for therapeutic applications, such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, hydrogels, and micelles. In this Review, we present a comprehensive outline on the various types of overexpressed receptors in lung cancer, as well as the various targeting approaches of nanoparticles.

Delivery of miR‐3529‐3p using MnO2‐SiO2‐APTES nanoparticles combined with phototherapy suppresses lung adenocarcinoma progression by targeting HIGD1A

“…1 Currently, conventional strategies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection, either separately or in combination, have been the mainstream treatment regimens. [2][3][4] However, these traditional therapies are limited because of poor treatment efficiency and improper drug Ying Zhang, Ran-Ran Wang and Rui Liu contributed equally to this work. targeting and delivery.…”

“…Lung cancer is one of the most common human cancers worldwide and shows characteristics of uncontrolled cell growth, high invasion rates, and rapid metastasis 1 . Currently, conventional strategies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection, either separately or in combination, have been the mainstream treatment regimens 2–4 . However, these traditional therapies are limited because of poor treatment efficiency and improper drug targeting and delivery 5,6 .…”

“…Nanosystems within the dimensions of 1 to 100 nm have been proposed for their minimal invasiveness, high effectiveness, and efficient drug delivery 11–13 . Several variants of nano‐drug delivery systems have been successfully studied for therapeutic applications, such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, hydrogels, and micelles 2 . More importantly, some nanosystems could be developed to include extra therapy functions, like photothermal therapy (PTT) 14–16 .…”

“…As one type of redox active transition‐metal dioxide nanomaterial, manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) and its nanocomposites have recently attracted wide attention because of their good biocompatibility and degradability 18,19 . In the instance of non‐small lung carcinoma diagnosis, application of MnO 2 improved magnetic resonance (MR) imaging outcomes 2,20 . Moreover, MnO 2 nanostructures have been demonstrated to reduce tumor hypoxia by triggering the decomposition of endogenous H 2 O 2 into oxygen and Mn 2+ , thereby significantly improving the treatment outcomes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated tumor therapy 21,22 .…”

“… 1 Currently, conventional strategies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection, either separately or in combination, have been the mainstream treatment regimens. 2 , 3 , 4 However, these traditional therapies are limited because of poor treatment efficiency and improper drug targeting and delivery. 5 , 6 To confront these challenges, researchers from different disciplines, including therapeutics, chemistry, materials science, and pharmacology, have collaborated closely to apply nanosystems to cancer therapies.…”