Advances in low temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Attrition Resistant Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts Based on FCC Supports

“…The major relevant finding from previous studies has been that precipitated unsupported Fe F-T catalysts disintegrate easily into smaller particles [6,14,15]. In several studies it was found that even some spray-dried Fe F-T catalysts are not attrition resistant [12,[16][17][18].…”

“…However, catalyst attrition, causing plugging of downstream filters, product contamination and increased slurry viscosity, which leads to mass transfer limitations and eventually reactor shutdown is one of the major problems encountered with the industrial application of the Fe F-T catalysts in the slurry bubble column reactors (SBCRs) [6,7]. A SBCR has been considered as the preferred industrial reactor for the F-T synthesis due to its low capital cost, low pressure drop across the reactor, excellent heat transfer efficiency and capability of online catalyst addition and removal [8,9].…”

Recent developments in the application of nanomaterials to understanding molecular level processes in cobalt catalysed Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

“…9,20,21,22 There is general agreement that CO is converted to a surface bound 'C1 monomer.' This monomer then undergoes polymerisation at the surface to form long chain hydrocarbons.…”

REVIEW OF BIOFUEL PRODUCTION – FEEDSTOCK, PROCESSES AND MARKETS — Review Article

“…long-chain hydrocarbons) (de Klerk and Furimsky, 2011). In this context low-temperature FT synthesis (LTFT) (Jager and Espinoza, 1995) for the production of heavier products and high-temperature FT synthesis (HTFT) for higher yields of lighter hydrocarbons can be differentiated (Maitlis and de Klerk, 2013). To optimise these processes a main research focus lies on the development of new and/or improved catalysts (Davis and Occelli, 2016).…”