Advances in iontophoresis for drug delivery

Dehghan, M. H. G.; Mouzam, Md. Ismail

doi:10.4314/ijhr.v1i3.55353

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Iontophoresis is a noninvasive technique that increases the penetration of transdermal substances (drugs) through the skin layers (epidermis, dermis and hypodermis) in a controlled manner and by the application of electric current, based on physical-chemical principles of attraction and repulsion of charges (26). Its most common applications are: 1) Calcifying tendinitis and myositis ossificans (acetic acid) (27); 2) Controlling muscle spasms (calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate); 3) Inflammation (dexamethasone); 4) Soft tissue swelling (lidocaine); 5) Acute joint pain in rheumatoid arthritis (zinc oxide) (26). This technique is cheap based on the economic use of topical medications and since the electrotherapy equipment decreased in size and are more accessible due to lowproduction-costs (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcifying Tendonitis of the Shoulder: Risk Factors and Effectiveness of Acetic Acid Iontophoresis and Ultrasound

Fernández-Cuadros¹,

Moro

Rabasa

et al. 2016

Middle East J Rehabil Health

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Objectives: To clinically characterize calcifying tendonitis of the shoulder (CT) through a prospective quasi-experimental beforeand-after study, which provides a level of demonstrable evidence to support the decision-making and demonstrate the effectiveness of acetic acid iontophoresis and ultrasound in the treatment of CT. Methods: Prospective, quasi-experimental before-after intervention study was conducted on 44 patients who referred to the rehabilitation department, Santísima Trinidad's General Foundation hospital, Salamanca, from June 2014 to April 2016. Outcome measures: 1) Pain: measured by visual analogical scale (VAS); 2) calcification size: in millimetres, both measured radiologically at the beginning/end of treatment; 3) Intervention: Iontophoresis with 5% acetic acid at 4.7 mA × 10 minutes and continuous ultrasound 1 W/cm 2 /1 MHz × 5 minutes over calcification.Results: Mean age of the subjects was 54.2 years (n = 44), 65.9% female (n = 29), (95% with supraspinatus tendon (n = 38) and 5% with subscapularis (n = 2); 55% had complication in left shoulder (n = 22), 45% in right shoulder (n = 18) and 4.5% bilateral (n = 2). Regarding the occupation, 59.1% had (n = 26) administrative positions and 40.9% manual jobs (n = 18). On personal history: 34.09% were smoker (n = 15), 4.5% had diabetes (n = 2) and calcium intake secondary to osteoporosis was recorded for 2.27% (n = 1) of the subjects. Regarding radiological type: 68.18% formative (n = 30), 38.72% resorptive (n = 14) were observed. Average number of sessions was 19 and 9.01% (n = 4) of the subjects had treatment complications as intolerance/erythema/burn. Average initial pain was 7.7 points (VAS scale), significantly decreased (P = 0.0000) post treatment to 2.2. Initial average size of calcification was 10 mm and significantly decreased (P = 0.0000) post treatment to 3 mm. With respect to the change of calcification: success/cure rate was 56.8% (n = 25), improvement rate was 25% (n = 11); failure rate was 18.2% (n = 8). Conclusions: CT is common in middle-aged working females. It affects supraspinatus tendon. It is associated with smoking. Occupational risk factors are awkward positions and lifting weights. Iontophoresis with 5% acetic acid and ultrasound is a safe, simple and inexpensive technique, capable to reduce pain and calcification, with a recommended degree of scientific evidence (2B).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcifying Tendonitis of the Shoulder: Risk Factors and Effectiveness of Acetic Acid Iontophoresis and Ultrasound

Fernández-Cuadros¹,

Moro

Rabasa

et al. 2016

Middle East J Rehabil Health

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“…It is currently believed that an atom has tens of subunits as the results of practical experiments (9). In order to study the human being, the increasing sequence of structures is accepted: [1] atom, [2] molecule, [3] cell, [4] tissue, [5] organ, [6] organism (10,11).…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…integumentary tissue is divided into: [1] epidermis, [2] dermis and [3] hypodermis. The surface of the epidermis is called the stratum corneum (24).…”

Section: Differentiation Of Electrical Chargesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physicochemical properties of the skin enable percutaneous absorption of topically applied medications; however, most of the medications used need to overcome the barrier imposed by the stratum corneum (26) in order to guarantee their pharmacological effects (27). The three pathways that a medication uses to overcome the stratum corneum are: [1] intracellular, where medications diffuse around corneocytes, [2] transcellular, where medications diffuse directly through the corneocytes, and [3] via appendices, an alternative route for medications that diffuse through the hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands (4).…”

Section: Differentiation Of Electrical Chargesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iontophoresis: principles and applications

Krueger

Claudino²,

Scheeren

et al. 2014

Fisioter. mov.

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Introduction Iontophoresis is a noninvasive technique used to increase transdermal penetration of substances through the skin layer (epidermis, dermis and hypodermis) in a controlled manner. Technological advance in recent decades have provided reduced cost of equipment needed for implementation, which allowed for the expansion of this technique. Objective The aim of this paper is to present the state of the art on iontophoresis, ranging from the atomic characteristics of the ion formation to the current applications of the technique. Methods Were researched papers from databases: IOP publishing, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Springer, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar and books with keywords iontophoresis, ions, topical applications between 1967 and 2010. Results Were selected (number of papers and database) 1 IOP Publishing, 1 from ScienceDirect, Central, 1 from Springer, 2 from PubMed, 11 from IEEE Xplore, 35 from Google Scholar, and 15 books, totaling 66 references and websites with nationally marketed electrotherapy products. Conclusion Iontophoresis is suitable for applications such as acetic acid (calcific tendinitis and myositis ossificans), calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate (control of musculoskeletal spasms), dexamethasone (inflammation), lidocaine (inflammation of soft tissues), zinc oxide (rheumatoid arthritis). It is also used in cosmetic applications with devices attached to the skin and for eye treatment aimed at specific tissues of the eye, providing a treatment option for various eye diseases, reducing the complications secondary to traditional methods of treatment. The advantages are the significant increase in the release and control of therapeutic agents, including drugs with high molecular weight. The disadvantages of iontophoresis are the complexity of the drug release system and prolonged exposure of the skin to an electrical current.

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“…Amongst the number of advantages that iontophoretic drug delivery offers over oral methods and injection are avoidance of first pass effect, possibility of externally controlled flux modulation and precise control over drug input besides remaining unaffected by food intake. It also offers the options of control and adjustment to the needs of the patients especially where frequent drug dosing is a requisite [4,[9][10][11][12][13] A multitude of iontophoretic studies has been carried out on a wide variety of drugs. A large amount of literature exists on anti inflammatory medications which are commonly used in topical and systemic applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iontophoretic study on Salicylic acid and Disprin loaded polymer hydrogels

Kanjilal

Dasgupta

Banthia

2011

Int J Plast Technol

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The study describes iontophoretic release of Salicylic acid and Potassium Salt of Acetyl Salicylic acid which is commonly known as the analgesic and thromboxane prostaglandins inhibitor, Disprin, from hydrogel patches based on Poly (vinyl alcohol), Poly (vinyl acetate-co-crotonic acid) & Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone). The experiment utilized a modified Franz cell for iontophoresis with a brine filled receptor chamber and employed Visible Colorimetry as the technique for estimation. It can be concluded that the composition of the hydrogel matrix has a direct bearing on the diffusion of the drugs. The hydrogel composition determines the extent of crosslinking, crystallinity, availability of hydrophilic groups, polymer-water interaction and hence the water take up. The ability of a drug delivery hydrogel system to control solute transport and release depends highly on the water content and water movement within the polymeric structure. The study was carried out keeping in view the eventual development of an alternative electrically controlled delivery mechanism of drugs without adverse gastrointestinal systemic ramifications.

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Advances in iontophoresis for drug delivery

Cited by 8 publications

References 84 publications

Calcifying Tendonitis of the Shoulder: Risk Factors and Effectiveness of Acetic Acid Iontophoresis and Ultrasound

Calcifying Tendonitis of the Shoulder: Risk Factors and Effectiveness of Acetic Acid Iontophoresis and Ultrasound

Iontophoresis: principles and applications

Iontophoretic study on Salicylic acid and Disprin loaded polymer hydrogels

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