The effects of acrobatic exercise and magnetic stimulation (MS) in mice applied either separately or in combination while on recovery after spinal cord injury have been investigated. This progress has been compared in six groups of animals. The first two groups consisted of non-injured and injured animals, respectively, which were not exposed to any treatment. The third group included injured animals that participated in an acrobatic exercise and were exposed to MS applied at the frequency of 1 Hz. The animals in the fourth group were exposed to the MS (1 Hz) only, without performing any acrobatic exercises. While the mice in the fifth group participated in the acrobatic exercise and were exposed to MS at 15 Hz, the animals in group six received an acrobatic exercise without exposure to MS. The effects of the treatment were evaluated with the Basso Mouse Scale, the Horizontal Ladder Scale, and the Abnormal Posture Scale. While all groups showed improvement at the end of the study period, the animals that received exercise combined with 1 Hz MS demonstrated the best functional improvement. The animals exposed to the MS applied at a frequency of 15 Hz combined with acrobatic exercise, and those animals that were engaged in exercise and were not exposed to the MS, performed the worst. The area of the spared white matter at the lesion center correlated well with functional recovery and was greatest in the animals that received MS (1 Hz) combined with exercise.
Adhesion to wet and
dynamic surfaces is vital for many biomedical
applications. However, the development of effective tissue adhesives
has been challenged by the required combination of properties, which
includes mechanical similarity to the native tissue, high adhesion
to wet surfaces, hemostatic properties, biodegradability, high biocompatibility,
and ease of use. In this study, we report a novel bioinspired design
with bioionic liquid (BIL) conjugated polymers to engineer multifunctional
highly sticky, biodegradable, biocompatible, and hemostatic adhesives.
Choline-based BIL is a structural precursor of the phospholipid bilayer
in the cell membrane. We show that the conjugation of choline molecules
to naturally derived polymers (i.e., gelatin) and synthetic polymers
(i.e., polyethylene glycol) significantly increases their adhesive
strength and hemostatic properties. Synthetic or natural polymers
and BILs were mixed at room temperature and cross-linked via visible
light photopolymerization to make hydrogels with tunable mechanical,
physical, adhesive, and hemostatic properties. The hydrogel adhesive
exhibits a close to 50% decrease in the total blood volume loss in
tail cut and liver laceration rat animal models compared to the control.
This technology platform for adhesives is expected to have further
reaching application vistas from tissue repair to wound dressings
and the attachment of flexible electronics.
This paper reports a biocompatible sensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and enzyme tyrosinase (Tyr) modified egg shell membrane (ESM) on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as an effective analytical tool for the detection of polyphenols. AuNPs were synthesized on the membrane from gold chloride solution (HAuCl 4 ) without the application of toxic reducing agent. The sensor exhibited excellent linear relationship (r > 0.99) with micromolar concentrations of analyte and high sensitivity in differential pulse voltammetry for gallic acid (GA), caffeic acid (CA) and catechin hydrate (CH). The detection limits were found to be 1.707 μM, 0.752 μM and 0.714 μM for GA, CA and CH respectively (S/N = 3) at three different anodic potentials vs Ag/AgCl reference electrode (pH 6). Results showed good sensor reusability without loss of sensitivity. Modified membrane without AuNPs was also analyzed to detect polyphenol content by simple colorimetry. The modified sensor was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The developed sensor was successfully employed for detection of polyphenol content in commercially available tea and wine samples and results compared to traditional methods e.g. HPLC. The sensitivity values (193.9, 82 and 73.4 nA μM −1 cm −2 for CH, GA and CA) were high enough making the method a promising tool for practical gradation of real samples.
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