Advances in electrochemical and optical sensing techniques for vitamins detection: a review

Abstract

Vitamins are essential nutrients that aid in metabolism, cell growth, and the appropriate functioning of other biomolecules. They are required for the proper functioning of various systems in human body. Both vitamin shortage and excess can pave the way for a variety of illnesses. They enter the body via food and supplements eaten, making it critical to measure the vitamin concentrations in food, medicines, and biological fluids. The concentrations of these vitamins are determined using a variety of techniques. The performance measure of the techniques like selectivity, sensitivity, and limit of detection is crucial in their utilization. Among the many techniques of determination, electrochemical sensing and optical sensing have garnered widespread interest because of their potential to improve performance. Additionally, the introduction of innovative materials has added a lot of benefits to sensing. The aim of this article is to summarize significant work toward recent improvements in electrochemical and optical methods for detecting different vitamins. Additionally, it attempts to assess the gaps in vitamin sensing in order to encourage researchers to fill such gaps that will benefit the community.

Different Aspects of the Voltammetric Detection of Vitamins: A Review

“…The determination of vitamin A in foods has been studied by using square-wave pulse voltammetry that uses carbon paste electrode (CPE) molded with Pt:C nanoalloy in ionic liquid (IL). This technique exhibits good sensitivity with a linear response between 0.1–100 M and with an LOD equal to 0.04 M [ 101 ]. The electrochemical determination of retinol has also been done by using differential pulse voltammetry with carbon paste electrode molded with sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant (CPE/SDS).…”

“…The method has turned out to be linear with low detection limits (up to 4.6 × 10 −7 M) [ 102 ]. A simultaneous determination of retinol and Vitamin E in CH 3 CN has also been done with cyclic voltammetry with glassy carbon electrode (GCE) molded with the synthetic nanomaterial MWCNT [ 101 ].…”

Determination of vitamins K1, K2, B6, and D3 using reduced graphene oxide fabricated using a bismuth nanoparticle embedded polypyrrole nanocomposite based optical sensor

“…4 Both electrochemical and optical sensing techniques are considered to be highly precise and reliable. 18 Various voltammetry and optical methods with improved performance are reported for detection of vitamins in food and biological samples using different nanomaterials. For example, carbon dots and chitosan were used for detection of vitamin D, 19 pencil graphite electrodes, silver nanoparticles, and liquid amalgam film have been used for detection of vitamin K1, 4 and label free detection was also employed to detect vitamin K because it is a redox active molecule like other quinones.…”

Synthesis, characterization, and applications of gold nanoparticles in development of plasmonic optical fiber-based sensors

“…Conclusions regarding the performance of sensors can be made only with compared for the same target analyte. Researchers have reported review on glucose measurement [27], heavy metal ions detection [28], vitamin [29] and cholesterol sensing [30] and have considered the detailed aspect of comparison.…”