Synthesis, characterization, and applications of gold nanoparticles in development of plasmonic optical fiber-based sensors

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) are readily used nanoparticles which finds applications in fields like biosensors, drug delivery, optical bioimaging and many state of art systems used for detection. In the recent years fiber optic sensors have seen utilization of Au-NPs along with other nanoparticles for implementation of sensors for sensing various biomolecules like cholesterol, glucose, and uric acid. The cancer cells, creatinine and bacteria can also be detected with the fiber optic sensors. Given the significance of gold nanoparticles in fibre optic sensors, the current work is a review of the synthesis, the common methods used for characterization, and the applications of Au-NPs. It is important to discuss and analyse the work reported in the literature to understand the trend and gaps in developing plasmonic optical fiber sensors.

Nanotechnology: A Revolution in Modern Industry

“…These optical fibers with phase-changing material properties can also be utilized for thermostability maintenance in the fiber industry. Thus, these fibers have combined applications in the computer, IT, and textile sectors [ 93 ]. In addition, the nano cellulosic material that is naturally obtained from plants confers properties of stiffness, strength, durability, and large surface area to volume ratios, which is acquired through the large number of surface hydroxyl groups embedded in nanocellulose particles [ 94 ].…”

“…In addition, the nano cellulosic material that is naturally obtained from plants confers properties of stiffness, strength, durability, and large surface area to volume ratios, which is acquired through the large number of surface hydroxyl groups embedded in nanocellulose particles [ 94 ]. Moreover, the characteristics of high resistance, lower weight, cost-effectiveness, and electrical conductivity are some additional benefits which are also linked to these nanocellulosic fibers [ 93 ]. The aforementioned technologies will allow industrialists to manufacture fabrics based on nanomaterials through a variety of chemical, physical, and biological processes.…”

Optically Active Nanomaterials and Its Biosensing Applications—A Review

“…Therefore, LSPR is a phenomenon in which conducting electrons in metal nanoparticles interact with incident light to produce localized surface plasmas [63]. Due to its high quality and stable properties, AuNPs have the advantages of simple synthesis, excellent chemical stability and good biocompatibility [64]. Their optical properties can also be easily adjusted by their size, shape, and composition [65].…”

Fractal Plasmonic Molecule for Multi-Sensing: SERS Platform for SARS-CoV-2 Detection

“…For a structure to be usable for a specific application, it is essential to carefully optimize its plasmonic properties over a selected spectral range, − especially in the case of biosensing. − For this reason, designing structures with characteristics that meet the needs of multiple applications to implement their multifunctional use represents a complex challenge. The geometry of the pattern plays a critical role in tuning the number, the spectral positions, the depth and the width of the resonances, as well as the electromagnetic near-field distribution and the signal enhancement characterizing the structure. − In the large number of geometries studied in the literature, those based on nanoelements (NEs), as nanopillars (NPs) or nanocavities (NCs), arranged in clusters known as “plasmonic molecules” (PMs), represent good candidates for the realization of nanostructures suitable for different types of applications. − PMs consisting of 2 (dimers) or 3 (trimers) NEs have been studied accurately highlighting their properties both from a theoretical and experimental point of view. − In the case of PMs consisting of a larger number of NEs, although the number of works on this topic is growing, given their complexity, there is still much more to explore and investigate. − Plasmonic nanostructures based on fractal constructions have been extensively studied over the last 10 years . The term “fractal” describes geometries characterized by repeating patterns often obtained by applying iterative transformation rules of a system .…”