Advances in Dry Eye Disease Examination Techniques

Wu, Yi; Wang, Chunyang; Wang, Xin; Mou, Yujie; Yuan, Kelan; Huang, Xiaodan; Jin, Xiuming

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.826530

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…48 Based on previous findings, blink rate decreases when participants read under demanding conditions, which can contribute to tear film instability, tear deficiency and increased tear hyperosmolarity. 48,49 Tear film instability can also impair optical quality. 43 In addition, ocular surface inflammation can be triggered by tear film instability and hyperosmolarity, and an inflammatory response and changes in cytokine levels have been linked with fatigue in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of illuminance and colour temperature of LED lighting on asthenopia during reading

Chen

et al. 2022

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose A self‐controlled study to determine the influence of illuminance and correlated colour temperature (CCT) of light‐emitting diode (LED) lighting on asthenopia. Methods Twenty‐two healthy postgraduates (nine women) were recruited to read under eight LED lighting conditions with four illuminances (300 lx, 500 lx, 750 lx and 1000 lx) and four CCTs (2700, 4000, 5000 and 6500 K) for 2 h. A subjective asthenopia questionnaire, the optical quality analysis system (OQAS) and an inflammatory cytokine assay were used to assess the levels of asthenopia. Results Increased asthenopia was observed after reading, but the degree varied with lighting conditions. There were significant differences among the groups in terms of subjective symptoms (inattention, eye pain, dry eye and total score), optical performance parameters (modulation transfer function [MTF] cut‐off frequency, Strehl ratio [SR], objective scattering index [OSI], mean OSI and accommodative amplitude [AA]) as well as inflammatory cytokines in the tears (epidermal growth factor [EGF], transforming growth factor [TGF]‐α, interleukin [IL]‐6, IL‐8, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]‐1β, tumour necrosis factor [TNF]‐α, TNF‐β and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]‐A). All of the subjective and objective measurements collectively suggested that asthenopia was lessened for the 500 lx–4000 K condition. However, asthenopia was significantly worse for 300 lx–2700 K and 1000 lx–6500 K in terms of subjective symptoms and objective optical performance, respectively. Conclusions LED illuminance and CCT do have a significant effect on asthenopia during reading. 500 lx–4000 K lighting resulted in the lowest level of asthenopia. Conversely, low illuminance at low CCT (300 lx–2700 K) and high illuminance at high CCT (1000 lx–6500 K) promoted more severe asthenopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of illuminance and colour temperature of LED lighting on asthenopia during reading

Chen

et al. 2022

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…Eyelid margin hyperemia was graded using slit lamp microscopy. Eyelid margin hyperemia indicates the inflammation of eyelid and higher score represents the inflammation of eyelid ( 20 ). Tear secretion was measured using the Schirmer strip test without anesthesia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tear secretion was measured using the Schirmer strip test without anesthesia. A fine strip paper was placed inside the lower conjunctival sac and the wet part was measured ( 20 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of multivitamin drug on intractable dry eye symptoms

2022

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Dry eye is a disorder of tear film and ocular surface characterized by ocular discomforts. It is associated with multiple causes and sometimes intractable. We investigated the effect of oral multivitamin supplementation (MVG) on dry eyes. Tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein ocular surface staining score, and tear secretion Schirmer test were measured in dry eye patients refractory to conventional topical treatment. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI), visual analog pain score (VAS), and modified standardized patient evaluation of eye dryness questionnaire were analyzed. In total, 42 eyes of 42 patients were included. TBUT increased at 1 and 3 months compared to baseline (p < 0.05). OSDI decreased at 1 and 3 months compared to baseline (p < 0.05). VAS score, impact on life, and frequency of total symptoms decreased at 3 months compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Oral administration of MVG, a vitamin complex formulation, was effective in stabilizing tear stability and alleviating symptoms in patients with intractable dry eye. Thus, it may be a viable treatment option for intractable dry eye.

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“…Tear fluid (TF) is produced by the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal glands. It has multiple functions such as protecting the eyes against infection, lubricating the eyelids, conjunctiva and cornea; Tears help to remove foreign material from the eyes, moreover, they maintain the microenvironment of the ocular surface and changes in their quality and quantity can lead to dry eyes [56] and others eye diseases.…”

Section: Nucleic Acids Metabolites Proteins Analysis and Extracellula...mentioning

confidence: 99%