Advances in cryostructures and their applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical products

Cryogels: Advancing Biomaterials for Transformative Biomedical Applications

“…Cryogels have emerged as highly versatile and promising biomaterials with numerous applications in various biomedical fields [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. These highly porous interconnected structures possess unique properties such as large, interconnected pores, high surface area, elasticity, and efficient diffusion, making them ideal for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications [ 7 , 8 ].…”

“…In terms of swelling behaviors, cryogels can be chemically responsive, biochemically responsive, or physically responsive, depending on the stimuli they encounter. Smart cryogels exhibit dynamic and responsive behavior to environmental cues [ 1 ].…”

“…Cryogels can be derived from natural, synthetic, or hybrid materials, providing flexibility in terms of availability and customization. Additionally, cryogels can exhibit a range of degradability, from biodegradable to non-biodegradable, which allows for control over their lifespan and potential environmental impact [ 1 ].…”

“…The potential of cryogels in biomedical applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, and antibacterial properties, has been extensively explored [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Cryogels enable the creation of macroporous hydrogels with controlled porosity, facilitating enhanced cell penetration and stability in drug delivery and tissue engineering [ 1 , 2 , 20 ].…”

“…In conclusion, cryogels offer unique properties and versatility, making them promising biomaterials for various biomedical applications [ 1 ]. Ongoing research aims to enhance cryogel fabrication, optimize their properties, and explore their potential in clinical settings [ 1 ].…”