“…Such sensors are generally referred to as evanescent-field sensors, reflecting the fact that only the evanescent tail of the guided mode is available for light-matter interactions. Examples of fibre geometries used for evanescent-based sensing include; tapered fibres [8,9], D-shaped fibres [10], optical nanowires [11], solid-core MOFs [5,12], multi-core MOFs [3,4] [2,3,4,7,10], the benefits that can be obtained using MOFs are far from being realised, largely due to the lack of a formalism for predicting and thus optimizing the measurable fluorescence power. Although models of the efficiency of fluorescence-based optical fibre sensors have been developed for simple structures such as tapered or D-shaped fibres, they have limited applicability because; 1) it is assumed that the modes of the fibre are the same at both the absorption and fluorescence wavelengths and 2) they are based on ray-optics [1,21] or scalar electromagnetic fields (without including the effect of absorption loss) [8].…”