Advances in bio-active constituents, pharmacology and clinical applications of rhubarb

Cao, Yu-Jie; Pu, Zong-Jin; Tang, Yuping; Shen, Juan; Chen, Yanyan; Kang, An; Zhou, Guisheng; Duan, Jin‐Ao

doi:10.1186/s13020-017-0158-5

Cited by 141 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The antibacterial activity of BTS is one possible mechanism. Among BTS components, Menthae Herba, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Rhei Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, and Forsythia Fruit are reported to possess antibacterial activity [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Here, the total number of bacteria was estimated by qPCR to assess the possible influence of BTS on bacterial count.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase of Akkermansia muciniphila by a Diet Containing Japanese Traditional Medicine Bofutsushosan in a Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2020

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a worldwide healthcare problem that mirrors the increased prevalence of obesity. Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the progression and treatment of NAFLD. Bofutsushosan (BTS), a pharmaceutical-grade Japanese traditional medicine, has long been prescribed in Japan for obesity and obesity-related syndrome. Although BTS has been reported to exert an anti-obesity effect in obese patients as well as various obesity-model animals, its effect on gut microbiota is unknown. Here, the effects of BTS on obesity, liver damage, and the gut microbiome in genetically obese mice, ob/ob, were studied. Seven-week-old ob/ob mice were fed a standard diet with (BTS group) or without (CONT group) 5% BTS for 4 weeks. By comparison to the CONT group, the BTS group showed reduced body weight gain and hyperlipidemia as well as improved liver function. Moreover, gut microbiota in the CONT and BTS group formed a significantly different cluster. Specifically, the genera Akkermansia, Bacteroides and an unknown genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae expanded dramatically in the BTS group. Noteworthy, the population of Akkermansia muciniphila, which is reported to elicit an anti-obesity effect and improve various metabolic abnormalities, was markedly increased (93-fold) compared with the CONT group. These results imply that BTS may be a promising agent for treating NAFLD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase of Akkermansia muciniphila by a Diet Containing Japanese Traditional Medicine Bofutsushosan in a Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

et al. 2020

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“…There were statistically significant differences ( p < 0.05) in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the five bioactive constituents, T max , C max , AUC 0– t , MRT 0 − t , CLz and t 1/2 between the MDMD and NMDMD groups. Previous studies have reported that aloe‐emodin, paeoniflorin and amygdalin are bioactive constituents of rhubarb, moutan bark and Prunus persica (Cao et al, ; Xiang et al, ; Jang et al, ; Tao et al, ; Shun‐xing et al, ), respectively. These findings may suggest that mirabilite could assist paeoniflorin and amygdalin absorption into blood when used together with rhubarb, moutan bark and Prunus persica .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These therapeutic effects are attributed to the main bioactive constituents of DMD. Modern pharmacological studies have revealed that emodin, aloe‐emodin, rhein, paeoniflorin and amygdalin in DMD have extensive anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities (Cao et al, ; Xiang et al, ; Jang et al, ; Tao, Wen, Song, & Wang, ; Shun‐xing, Nan‐sheng, & Feng‐ying, ; Lin & Lin, ). According to plasma pharmacochemistry, only the constituents absorbed into blood may have the chance to perform pharmacological bioactivities (Han et al, ; Tang, Wang, Liu, Cheng, & Xiao, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the influence of mirabilite on the absorption and pharmacokinetics of the ingredients in Dahuang‐mudan decoction by a validated UPLC/QTOF–MS/MS method

Nong

Zhao

Luo

et al. 2018

Biomedical Chromatography

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Dahuang-mudan decoction (DMD) has been widely used for disease treatment in China for 1700 years. The formula consists of Rhubarb, moutan bark, Prunus persica, wax gourd kernel and mirabilite, which have been well studied by multidisciplinary approaches. However, the role of the mineral mirabilite in DMD is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mirabilite on the absorption and pharmacokinetics of the ingredients in DMD. The constituents were identified in DMD extract and the plasma of mirabilite-DMD (MDMD, 50 g kg −1 ) treated rats and nonmirabilite-DMD (NMDMD, 50 g kg −1 ) treated rats. The plasma was also used to investigate the effects of mirabilite on the pharmacokinetics of active ingredients in DMD using a new validated UPLC-MS/MS method. The results showed that 63 compounds were identified in the extract of DMD, 27 and 22 of which were found in the plasmas of MDMD-and NMDMD-treated rats, respectively. Furthermore, the results of a pharmacokinetic study suggested that mirabilite influenced the absorption of the five constituents by decreasing the absorption of emodin and rhein while increasing the absorption of aloe-emodin, paeoniflorin and amygdalin; the pharmacokinetic parameters, including the T max , C max , AUC 0-t , MRT 0-t , CLz and t 1/2 of five constituents, significantly changed in MDMD-treated rats compared with the NMDMD. The method validation for selectivity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, recovery and stability met the acceptance criteria. These findings uncover the roles of mirabilite in DMD and demonstrate the application of scientific principles to the study of DMD in human health care.

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“…Rhubarb has the effects of promoting dampness and relieving jaundice (17), anti-inflammatory activity, kidney protection, preventing and treating high blood lipids and cholestasis, ameliorating fibrosis and hepatic encephalopathy, and promoting blood circulation and hemostasis (18). Anthraquinones are the active constituents of rhubarb, and they include rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, emodin methyl ether, and aloe-emodin (19); meanwhile, studies have indicated that rhein shows a higher bioavailability and is more easily absorbed and exposed than other anthraquinones (20,21).…”

Section: Meanwhile the Rhubarb Cultivation Area In The Unitedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rhein on bile acid homeostasis in rats

Xian

Tian

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract：Rhein, the active ingredient of rhubarb, a medicinal and edible plant, is widely used in clinical practice. In this work, we investigated the alterations of 14 bile acids and hepatic transporters after rats were administered rhein for 5 consecutive weeks.There was no obvious injury to the liver and kidney, and there were no significant changes in biochemical indicators. However, 1,000 mg/kg rhein increased the liver total bile acid (TBA) levels, especially taurine-conjugated bile acids (t-CBAs), inhibited the expression of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and (bile salt export pump) BSEP mRNA, and upregulated the expression of (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase) CYP7A1 mRNA. Rhein close to the clinical dose reduced the amounts of TBAs, especially unconjugated bile acids (UCBAs), and elevated the expression of FXR and resistance-associated protein 3 (Mrp3) mRNA. These results denote that rhein is not toxic and is safe to use at a reasonable dose and timing.

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Advances in bio-active constituents, pharmacology and clinical applications of rhubarb

Cited by 141 publications

References 32 publications

Increase of Akkermansia muciniphila by a Diet Containing Japanese Traditional Medicine Bofutsushosan in a Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Increase of Akkermansia muciniphila by a Diet Containing Japanese Traditional Medicine Bofutsushosan in a Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Evaluation of the influence of mirabilite on the absorption and pharmacokinetics of the ingredients in Dahuang‐mudan decoction by a validated UPLC/QTOF–MS/MS method

Effects of rhein on bile acid homeostasis in rats

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