Advances in atomic absorption and fluorescence spectrometry and related techniques

Abstract

Atomic absorption spectrometry 1.5.4 Validation of methodology 2 Atomic fluorescence spectrometry 1.1 Flame atomization 1.1.1 Sample introduction 2.1 Discharge-excited atomic fluorescence 2.2 Laser-excited atomic fluorescence 1.1.1.1 Transport/nebulization 1.1.1.2 Tube-in-flame/atom trapping techniques 3 Laser-based spectroscopy 4 References 1.1.2 Interference studies 1.1.3 Sample introduction by flow injection 1.1.4 Sample pretreatment T his review follows on from last year's1 and describes the 1.1.5 Chromatographic detection 1.2 Electrothermal atomization developments in atomic absorption and fluorescence spectrometry since that time. Included in this review are 1.2.1 Atomizer design and surface modification 1.2.1.1 Graphite atomizers fundamental processes and instrumentation in the areas of atomic absorption and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, 1.2.1.2 Metal atomizers and metallic coatings 1.2.2 Sample introduction together with advances in related techniques such as atomic magneto-optical rotation spectrometry and laser enhanced 1.2.2.1 Slurry and solid sampling 1.2.2.2 Gas sampling ionization. T he review of atomic emission spectrometry may be found in ref. 2. 1.2.2.3 Coupled techniques and preconcentration 1.2.2.4 Electrodeposition Once again, to aid the reader, some of the sub-headings have been modified to reflect the material presented in this year's 1.2.3 Fundamental processes 1.2.4 Interferences review, although the general format is the same as in previous years. 1.2.4.1 Spectral interferences 1.2.4.2 Chemical modifiers-general Comments on the review and suggestions for improvements are welcomed by the review coordinator. 1.2.4.3 Chemical modifiers-palladium 1.2.4.4 Other chemical modifiers 1.2.5 Developments in technique 1 Atomic absorption spectrometry 1.3 Chemical vapour generation 1.3.1 Hydride generation This annual ASU review is based on information selected from 1.3.1.1 General studies of fundamentals, techniques and a database containing approximately 4000 references to analytinstrumentation ical atomic spectrometry. An overview of atomic spectroscopic 1.3.1.2 Determination of individual elements databases available on the World Wide Web has been prepared 1.3.2 Mercury by cold vapour generation by Wiese.3 General reviews of atomic spectroscopy which 1.3.3 Volatile organic compound generation and metal include AAS and AFS have been published by Jackson and vapour separation Lu (531 refs.)4 and He and Shu (378 refs.).5 1.4 Spectrometers One of the most interesting developments reported for some 1.4.1 Light sources time has been the detection of atomic absorption in aqueous 1.4.2 Continuum source and multi-element AAS solution by Panichev and Sturgeon.6 Dilute solutions of NaBH 4 1.4.3 Background correction (0.0025%) were merged with ppm solutions of Ag, Cu and Pd 1.4.4 Detectors in a custom-built spectrophotometric flow cell mounted in 1.5 Chemometrics and computerization place of the burner in an AA spectrophotometer. A back-1.5.1 Calibration ground corrected AA signal was detected during the ...

Cloud point extraction and preconcentration of gold in geological matrices prior to flame atomic absorption determination

“…The values of 0.05 and 0.2 ng mL -1 were found in seawater and river water, respectively [1]. As a rule, the direct determination of gold in complex samples containing iron, aluminum, copper, or cobalt by atomic spectrometry is impossible and separation is used [2]. In environmental, geological and biological samples, the low concentration of gold together with the high concentration of interfering matrix components often require an additional enrichment step combined with a matrix separation.…”

Investigation of cobalt interference on lead hydride generation with tetrahydroborate(III) in the presence of hexacyanoferrate(III)

“…In the case of Pb, different additive systems with different chelating agents are used. Chinese workers have described a batch of AFS procedures for Pb analysis of vegetation [31] and geological samples [32], in which the interferences were overcome by the addition of phenanthroline, thiocyanate, and oxalic acid as the masking agents. Zhang and Hu [32] speculated that the effectiveness of the above combined masking agent in suppressing interference is influenced by temperature.…”

Assesment of Trace Elements and Mobility of Arsenic and Manganese in Lagoon Sediments of the Salars of Huasco and Coposa, Chilean Altiplano

“…Therefore, in order to analyze Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Cr by means of FAAS; Cd by means of ET-AAS and As, Sb and Se by means of HG-AAS or HG-AFS it was necessary to improve the preliminary samples treatment, the digestion process and the different analytical techniques regarding atomic spectroscopy. Moreover, it was also necessary to validate reference material for sediment SMR 1646/NBS to the analytical methodology 24,25 .…”