Advances in and Perspectives on Strategies for Improving the Flowability of Waxy Oils

Yao, Bo; Li, Chuanxian; Sun, Guangyu; Xia, Xue; Ashmawy, Ashraf M.; Zeng, Hongbo

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01295

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 279 publications

(273 reference statements)

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“…The wax crystals in the pure crude oil mainly comprised white flakes or fine needles . At higher temperatures, the wax crystals can dissolve in the crude oil, which exhibited Newtonian fluid properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wax crystals in the pure crude oil mainly comprised white flakes or fine needles. 12 At higher temperatures, the wax crystals can dissolve in the crude oil, which exhibited Newtonian fluid properties. When the temperature was decreased to the WAT, the wax started crystallizing and precipitating out of the crude oil, which gradually exhibited non-Newtonian fluid properties but still maintained a certain degree of fluidity.…”

Section: Effect Of Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure the transportation of crude oil at low temperatures, experts have proposed various strategies. , Yao et al pointed out that the current flow-improvement methods for waxy crude oils can be summarized as process, equipment, and chemical improvements. Li et al presented a comprehensive review of wax removal in crude-oil transportation-system pigging operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Continuous Addition Terpolymerization of Maleic Anhydride, Octadecyl Acrylate, and Docosyl Acrylate: Experimenting the Terpolymers as Pour Point Depressants for Waxy Crude Oils

Fang

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Owing to their large specific surface areas and excellent heat and mass transfer compared with those of conventional batch reactors, microreactors have been widely used in chemical industries. In this study, a strategy is proposed for precisely controlling the synthesis of comb-type terpolymers in a microreactor. Poly(octadecyl acrylate− docosyl acrylate−maleic anhydride) was investigated as a pour point depressant (PPD) for waxy crude oils. A terpolymer showing a high weight-average molecular weight (M w ) and low polydispersity index (PDI) was synthesized within 5 min compared with a conventional time-consuming batch reaction. Under the optimal conditions, the M w of the terpolymer reached 3.7 × 10 4 , and the PDI was 1.42. Notably, the pour point of the crude oil was reduced by 8 K at a PPD dosage of 1300 ppm. The polymerization kinetics revealed that the microreactor accelerated the polymerization. In contrast to the batch reactor, the microreactor exhibited better heat transfer, which avoided the generation of hot spots. Furthermore, the calculated Bodenstein number (Bo) revealed that the degrees of plug-flow deviation and backmixing are negatively correlated with the molecular weight distribution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous Addition Terpolymerization of Maleic Anhydride, Octadecyl Acrylate, and Docosyl Acrylate: Experimenting the Terpolymers as Pour Point Depressants for Waxy Crude Oils

Fang

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…In addition, shale oil often contains a large quantity of associated gas and some heavy fractions, , which has rarely been taken into account in previous simulation models. On the one hand, it was also reported that the miscible behavior between gas and oil had a significant effect on their diffusion and migration. ,, On the other hand, the heavy and polar fractions not only decrease the effective size of nanopores by surface adsorption but also increase the crude oil viscosity, notably enhancing the migration resistance of shale gas/oil mixture. − The previous experimental studies have also visualized the asphaltene precipitation and deposition in the pore space of rocks. , They further proved that the effect of heavy fractions like asphaltene on the oil flow in micronano pores is non-negligible . Therefore, a multicomponent shale gas/oil model is essential for the study on oil transport through nanopores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Molecular Understanding on Migration and Recovery of Shale Gas/Oil Mixture through a Pore Throat

Hong

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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Shale gas/oil remaining in blind pores accounts for a large proportion in total reserves, which is urgent to be further exploited. Understanding the microscopic mechanism of gas/oil extraction from blind pores is critical to enhanced gas/oil recovery. In this study, we investigated the migration and recovery behavior of shale gas/oil mixture through a pore throat connecting blind pores and microfractures. Our simulations show that some oil molecules tend to migrate in the form of clusters, which increases their effective size and causes possible blockage of the pore throat. The recovery ratio of gas/ oil mixture has a strong dependence on the pore size. Below the critical size, which is smaller than the size of oil clusters, the pore throat would be blocked and the recovery ratio will decrease significantly. The heavy fractions of shale oil suppress the extraction of gas/oil molecules from blind pores by four inhibition mechanisms: edge adsorption, surface adsorption, throat blockage, and liquid bridge. The kerogen pore shows a stronger adsorption ability for gas/oil mixture than quartz pore, resulting in more residues in it. We also found that a higher gas/oil ratio can provide a larger driven force, leading to a higher recovery of methane and light fractions. These findings advance the understanding of the recovery mechanisms of remaining gas/oil in blind pores and provide a practical guideline on shale gas/oil exploitation.

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“…In recent years, the chemical viscosity reduction and cold production technology of heavy oil with low cost, low energy consumption, and low emission has become a research hotspot. , The basic principle of this technology is to make the viscosity reducer contact the heavy oil in the process of formation seepage, where self-diffusion occurs under quasi-static conditions to form emulsions, thereby reducing the viscosity of heavy oil and enhancing oil recovery. − To significantly reduce the viscosity of heavy oil and simplify the implementation method, water-soluble viscosity reducers are usually used to form O/W emulsions . The successful implementation of the chemical viscosity reduction and cold production technology mainly depends on the performance of the viscosity reducer. − Due to the complex structure and large difference in properties of heavy oil components, the viscosity reducer is not universal. , Therefore, the use of appropriate methods to accurately determine the self-diffusion performance of viscosity reducers plays a vital role in their optimization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Diffusion Performance Evaluation of a Heavy Oil Viscosity Reducer Based on UV–Vis Absorption Spectroscopy

Xie

Shaikh

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Chemical viscosity reduction and cold production technology has the characteristics of low cost, low energy consumption, and low emission, which makes it suitable for gradually replacing thermal production as the main development method of heavy oil reservoirs. Most of the existing evaluation processes of viscosity reducers used in chemical viscosity reduction and cold production adopt the dynamic method of preparing O/W emulsions by high-speed shearing. However, high-speed shearing cannot be achieved in the contact process between heavy oil and the viscosity reducer in porous media. There is only a weak seepage shear force, which makes heavy oil self-diffuse in the viscosity reducer solution. Therefore, the existing methods cannot accurately evaluate the self-diffusion performance of viscosity reducers under quasi-static conditions. In this work, a method for evaluating the self-diffusion performance of a heavy oil viscosity reducer based on UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy is proposed, and the influence of various factors on the viscosity reduction effect and self-diffusion performance of a viscosity reducer is investigated. The results show that there is a good correspondence between the viscosity reduction effect and the self-diffusion performance. The viscosity reducer concentration, oil content, temperature, and emulsification time have obvious effects on the self-diffusion performance of the viscosity reducer. Based on the results of the orthogonal experiment, a self-diffusion performance prediction model of the viscosity reducer is established. The verification experiment results show that the model has good applicability. This research provides a new idea for accurately evaluating the self-diffusion performance of viscosity reducers under quasi-static conditions.

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Advances in and Perspectives on Strategies for Improving the Flowability of Waxy Oils

Cited by 19 publications

References 279 publications

Continuous Addition Terpolymerization of Maleic Anhydride, Octadecyl Acrylate, and Docosyl Acrylate: Experimenting the Terpolymers as Pour Point Depressants for Waxy Crude Oils

Continuous Addition Terpolymerization of Maleic Anhydride, Octadecyl Acrylate, and Docosyl Acrylate: Experimenting the Terpolymers as Pour Point Depressants for Waxy Crude Oils

Molecular Understanding on Migration and Recovery of Shale Gas/Oil Mixture through a Pore Throat

Self-Diffusion Performance Evaluation of a Heavy Oil Viscosity Reducer Based on UV–Vis Absorption Spectroscopy

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